“一国两制”统一方案对于朝鲜半岛的适用性研究
发布时间：2019-07-02 15:48
【摘要】：在1945年第二次世界大战之后遗留的分裂国家中,除了朝鲜半岛之外,其他国家都已经通过武力、协议或合并统一等多种方式实现了统一。韩国和朝鲜分裂的70年以来,两国差异愈发明显,南北双方政治、经济、文化的异质化问题愈发明显和突出,在经济实力上的差异高达37倍之多。1984年5月,中国在第六届全国人民代表大会第二次会议上批准了“一国两制”的构想。中国的“一国两制”构想即一个国家,两种制度,是一个国家里共处两种体系的政治制度。在“一国两制”的体制下,认同坚持两种体系、两种生活方式、两种法律体系和经济体系等,这种政治制度非常适用于异质性浓厚的具有相反体系的国家。中国从英国手中收回香港已有18年,使用“一国两制”之后,香港社会没有大混乱发生,而且在保持资本主义体制下,中国实现了统一。相比之下,朝鲜半岛在分裂之后,南北双方曾经提出过许多统一方案。朝鲜在20世纪60年代就提出了“联邦制”统一方案,并在此基础上形成了较为系统的“高丽民主联邦共和国”统一方案；而韩国在1980年代才提出了“民族共同体”统一方案。这两种统一方案都以民族自主和平统一为目的。2000年朝鲜的金正日跟韩国总统金大中进行了南北首脑会谈,并在“615共同宣言”中主张“初级阶段联邦制”。2000年6月15日,南北领导通过协商之后发表了“615南北共同宣言”和“初级阶段联邦制”。南北双方认定了互相统一方案的共同点,但是由于体制不同以及统一的主体差异,南北短时间内很难实现和平统一。朝鲜所主张的高丽联邦制在一定程度上与中国“一国两制”的基本内容类似,虽然韩国提出统一方案的最终目的是建立单一体制的韩国,但韩国的统一方案也是先认同两个体制,之后逐渐融合为一个体制,跟中国的“一国两制”有相似性。中国跟朝鲜半岛的文化差异、分裂历史等不同,而且南北之间国力差距、国际地位差异、对于分裂状态的认识、南北关系等许多方面也和中国的国情不同。虽然在实际上不能无条件地应用“一国两制”政策,但是“一国两制”无疑给了朝鲜半岛许多启示。本论文聚焦于中国“一国两制”制度给朝鲜半岛的启示,然后介绍“一国两制”在朝鲜半岛的适用办法。
[Abstract]:Among the divided countries left over after the second World War in 1945, with the exception of the Korean peninsula, other countries have achieved reunification by force, agreement or merger and reunification. Since the division of South Korea and North Korea in the past 70 years, the differences between the two countries have become more obvious, and the political, economic, and cultural heterogeneity between the two sides has become more obvious and prominent, with 37 times the difference in economic strength. In May 1984, China approved the concept of "one country, two systems" at the second session of the sixth National people's Congress. China's concept of "one country, two systems" is a political system in which one country and two systems coexist. Under the system of "one country, two systems", we agree to adhere to two systems, two lifestyles, two legal systems and economic systems. This political system is very suitable for countries with strong heterogeneity and opposite systems. It has been 18 years since China withdrew Hong Kong from Britain. After using "one country, two systems", there has been no great chaos in Hong Kong society, and while maintaining the capitalist system, China has achieved reunification. By contrast, after the split of the Korean peninsula, the North and the South have put forward many reunification plans. North Korea put forward the "federal system" reunification plan in the 1960s, and on this basis formed a more systematic "Korean Democratic Federal Republic" reunification plan, while South Korea only put forward the "national community" reunification plan in the 1980s. Both of these reunification schemes are aimed at national independence and peaceful reunification. In 2000, Kim Jong Il of North Korea and South Korean President Kim Tae-jung held North-South summit talks with South Korean President Kim Tae-jung, and advocated "primary federalism" in the "615 Common Declaration." on June 15, 2000, the North-South leaders issued the "615North-South Common Declaration" and the "Primary stage federalism" after consultation. The North and the South have identified the common points of the reunification plan, but due to the different systems and the differences in the main body of the reunification, it is difficult to achieve peaceful reunification between the North and the South in a short period of time. To a certain extent, the Korean federalism advocated by North Korea is similar to the basic content of China's "one country, two systems". Although the ultimate purpose of South Korea's reunification plan is to establish a single system of South Korea, South Korea's reunification plan is also to identify with the two systems first, and then gradually integrate into one system, which is similar to China's "one country, two systems." The cultural differences and split history between China and the Korean Peninsula are different, and the differences in national strength between the North and the South, differences in international status, understanding of the state of division, North-South relations and many other aspects are also different from China's national conditions. Although the policy of "one country, two systems" cannot be applied unconditionally in practice, there is no doubt that "one country, two systems" has given much enlightenment to the Korean peninsula. This paper focuses on the enlightenment of China's "one country, two systems" system to the Korean Peninsula, and then introduces the applicable methods of "one country, two systems" in the Korean Peninsula.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D618;D731.2
[Abstract]:Among the divided countries left over after the second World War in 1945, with the exception of the Korean peninsula, other countries have achieved reunification by force, agreement or merger and reunification. Since the division of South Korea and North Korea in the past 70 years, the differences between the two countries have become more obvious, and the political, economic, and cultural heterogeneity between the two sides has become more obvious and prominent, with 37 times the difference in economic strength. In May 1984, China approved the concept of "one country, two systems" at the second session of the sixth National people's Congress. China's concept of "one country, two systems" is a political system in which one country and two systems coexist. Under the system of "one country, two systems", we agree to adhere to two systems, two lifestyles, two legal systems and economic systems. This political system is very suitable for countries with strong heterogeneity and opposite systems. It has been 18 years since China withdrew Hong Kong from Britain. After using "one country, two systems", there has been no great chaos in Hong Kong society, and while maintaining the capitalist system, China has achieved reunification. By contrast, after the split of the Korean peninsula, the North and the South have put forward many reunification plans. North Korea put forward the "federal system" reunification plan in the 1960s, and on this basis formed a more systematic "Korean Democratic Federal Republic" reunification plan, while South Korea only put forward the "national community" reunification plan in the 1980s. Both of these reunification schemes are aimed at national independence and peaceful reunification. In 2000, Kim Jong Il of North Korea and South Korean President Kim Tae-jung held North-South summit talks with South Korean President Kim Tae-jung, and advocated "primary federalism" in the "615 Common Declaration." on June 15, 2000, the North-South leaders issued the "615North-South Common Declaration" and the "Primary stage federalism" after consultation. The North and the South have identified the common points of the reunification plan, but due to the different systems and the differences in the main body of the reunification, it is difficult to achieve peaceful reunification between the North and the South in a short period of time. To a certain extent, the Korean federalism advocated by North Korea is similar to the basic content of China's "one country, two systems". Although the ultimate purpose of South Korea's reunification plan is to establish a single system of South Korea, South Korea's reunification plan is also to identify with the two systems first, and then gradually integrate into one system, which is similar to China's "one country, two systems." The cultural differences and split history between China and the Korean Peninsula are different, and the differences in national strength between the North and the South, differences in international status, understanding of the state of division, North-South relations and many other aspects are also different from China's national conditions. Although the policy of "one country, two systems" cannot be applied unconditionally in practice, there is no doubt that "one country, two systems" has given much enlightenment to the Korean peninsula. This paper focuses on the enlightenment of China's "one country, two systems" system to the Korean Peninsula, and then introduces the applicable methods of "one country, two systems" in the Korean Peninsula.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D618;D731.2
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