郡县制国家的社会治理逻辑——清代基层社会的“控制与自治相结合模式”研究

发布时间：2019-07-11 17:36

【摘要】：中国政府对基层社会的治理存在着一种稳定的模式,所谓"控制与自治相结合模式"。在清代,这种模式体现为保甲体系与乡绅和宗族自治系统同时并存;在当代,体现为网格化管理与村民(社区)自治同时并存。此种治理模式之形成原因,是现有的理解中国基层社会治理逻辑的两种主要理论——"官治能力受限论"和"社会风险论"——所不能完全解释的。我们认为,"控制与自治相结合模式"之形成,是政府在治理基层社会上,既需要降低官民冲突的风险,同时,也致力于控制和消除社会中的威胁因素,所导致的结果。通过考察清代基层社会的"控制与自治相结合模式"的形成原因,并与当代基层社会的治理模式相比较,为这种观点提供了经验支持;并且,把这种观点发展成解释基层社会治理逻辑的更一般化的风险理论。
[Abstract]:The Chinese government has a stable model for the governance of the grass-roots society, so-called "combination of control and self-government". In the Qing Dynasty, this model is embodied in the coexistence of the Baojia system and the local gentry and the clan self-government system; in the present time, it is embodied as the grid management and the self-government of the villagers (communities). The reason for the formation of this model is that the existing two main theoretical _ "On the limitation of the ability of official management" and "the theory of social risk" _ are not fully explained. In our view, the formation of the "combination of control and self-government" is the government's need to reduce the risk of the civil conflict, and also to control and eliminate the risk factors in the society, resulting in the result. Through the investigation of the reason of the formation of the "combination of control and self-government" of the basic society in the Qing Dynasty, and compared with the governance model of the contemporary grass-roots society, this paper provides the experience support for this view, and develops this view into a more general risk theory to explain the logic of the basic social governance.
【作者单位】：浙江大学社会学系;浙江大学经济学院;
【分类号】：D691.2

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