巴基斯坦对华外交政策中的国内因素—新古典现实主义视角
发布时间：2022-10-31 19:54
这篇博士论文试图调查国内因素在巴基斯坦对华外交政策中的角色和作用。它旨在为政府形式或执政党意识形态方面的变化为何未影响巴基斯坦对华政策寻找答案。本研究采用新古典现实主义角度,通过研究国内变量如何介入独立变量和因变量来寻找研究难题的答案。使用Schweller（2004）和Taliaferro（2006）提出的新古典现实主义理论模型,本研究假设印度威胁为自变量,国家主义意识形态,国家支持国家主义,精英共识为中介变量,巴基斯坦对华外交政策行为为因变量。该研究的内容和理论方法新颖,并将通过对巴中关系的案例研究,为外交政策内部决定因素的知识体系做出贡献。理论上,这项研究将通过提供具体的案例视角来增加新古典现实主义文献。本研究采用定性方法,以案例研究方法使用过程追踪研究问题。在理论知识数据和历史数据的帮助下,本文追踪了 1972年到2017年的国内决定因素对巴基斯坦对华外交政策行为的影响数据。数据收集的采用了一手和二手数据。一手数据是通过电子邮件与十位学术界精英:学者、教授和巴基斯坦外交政策专家进行深入半结构化访谈收集而得到。来自可用的政府记录,官方数据,统计报告以及政治精英人士回忆录的数据也被...
【文章页数】：255 页
【学位级别】：博士
【文章目录】：
Dedication
Acknowledgements
Abstract
中文摘要
List of Abbreviations
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1. Research Problem
1.2. Importance of Study
1.3. Rationale for Case-Selection: 1972-2017
1.4. Objectives of Study
1.5. Research Questions (RQ)
1.6. Pakistan's Profile
1.6.1. Predictions about Pakistan's future
1.7. Dissertation Structure
Chapter 2: Review of Literature
2.1. Pakistan's Foreign Policy in General
2.2. Bilateralism in Pakistan's Foreign Policy
2.2.1. Pakistan-US relations
2.2.2. Indo-Pak ties
2.2.3. Ties between Pakistan and Muslim states
2.3. Multilateralism in Pakistan's Foreign Policy
2.3.1. Trilateral Aspect
2.3.2. Quadrilateral aspect: Pakistan-China-India-US
2.4. Pakistan-China Ties
2.4.1. Pakistan and China: All-weather friendship (AWF)
2.4.2. Pakistan and China: Fair-weather friendship (FWF)
2.5. Domestic Factors in Pakistan's Foreign Policy
Chapter 3: Methodology
3.1. Research Design
3.2. Data Collection and Analysis
3.2.1. Sources
3.2.2. Email Interviews
3.2.3. Sampling
3.2.4. Ethical Considerations
3.2.5. Data Analysis
3.3. Formatting Style
3.4. Variables
3.4.1. The independent variable: Indian threat
3.4.2. Intervening variables
3.4.2.1. Justification for the selection of intervening variables
3.4.2.2. Statist ideology
3.4.2.3. State-sponsored nationalism
3.4.2.4. Elite consensus
3.4.3. Dependent variable:Pakistan's foreign policy towards China
Chapter 4: Theoretical Framework
4.1. Levels of Analysis
4.2. Agency and Structure
4.3. Theories of IR
4.4. Theories of Foreign Policy
4.5. Main Assumptions of Neoclassical Realism
4.5.1. Neoclassical realism and classical realism
4.5.2. Neoclassical realism and neorealism
4.5.3. Neoclassical realist theory: A review of literature
4.5.4. Justification for the selection of neoclassical realist theory
4.5.5. Case justification
4.6. Theoretical Models
4.6.1. Schweller's model of balancing strategy
4.6.2. Taliaferro's resource-extraction model
4.7. Proposed Model
Chapter 5: Pakistan-China Ties: A Retrospective View 1951-2017
5.1. Early Ties:1950-1961
5.1.1. Breaking the ice:1952-1961
5.2. Cementing of the Ties: 1962-1970
5.2.1. The turning point: 1962
5.2.2. The milestone: 1963 Pakistan-China Border Treaty
5.2.3. Confidence-building: Aviation accord 1963
5.2.4. Indo-Pakistan War: 1965
5.2.5. Underlying factors for Pak-China ties
5.2.6. Ties between the two Indo-Pak wars: 1966-1970
5.3. Ties between 1971-1990
5.3.1. Sino-American rapprochement: Early 1971
5.3.2. Cracks in relationship: Indo-Pak War 1971
5.3.3. The Rejuvenation: 1972 onwards
5.3.4. Ties during Soviet intervention in Afghanistan:1979-1988
5.4. Sino-Pakistan Ties: 1990s
5.4.1. Kargil War
5.5. China and Pakistan Ties in 21~(st) Century
5.5.1. 9/11 and Indo-Pakistan military standoff: 2001-2002
5.5.2. Ties between 2003-2009
5.5.3. Ties between 2010-2017
5.5.4. CPEC:2013-2017
5.6. Chapter Summary
Chapter 6: Statist Ideology, State-Sponsored Nationalism and Pakistan-China Ties
6.1. Theoretical Insight
6.2. Justification for Using Two variables in Parallel
6.3. Need for Statist Ideology and State-Sponsored Nationalism
6.3.1. Internal problems
6.3.1.1. Ethnic divisions
6.3.1.2. Sectarian divide
6.3.1.3. The language issue
6.3.2. External threat: India
6.4. Statist Ideology
6.5. State-Sponsored Nationalism
6.5.1. Means to achieving Islamic ideology and Pakistani nationalism
6.6. Why China?
6.7. Role of Statist Ideology and State-sponsored nationalism: A case of Pakistan-China tiessince 1972
6.7.1. Z.A. Bhutto's Tenure
6.7.2. General Zia's period
6.7.3. Post-Zia period
6.7.4. Musharaf period
6.7.5. Post-Musharaf period
6.8. Chapter Summary
Chapter 7: Elite Consensus and Pakistan-China Ties
7.1. Theoretical Perspective
7.2. The Independent Variable: Indian Threat
7.3. The dependent variable: Balancing
7.4. Balancing Options
7.4.1. The US option as a Balancer
7.4.2. The Muslim states-as balancing option
7.4.3. SU/Russia as balancing choice
7.5. The Intervening Variable: Elite Consensus
7.5.1. Consensus
7.5.2. Elite
7.5.3. Literature and typology on elites in Pakistan
7.5.4. Military elite
7.5.5. Civil elites
7.5.5.1. Bureaucratic elite
7.5.5.2. Landowning elite
7.5.5.3. Religious elite
7.5.5.4. Business-industrial elite
7.5.5.5. Professional elite
7.5.6. Elite consensus in Pakistan on Ties with China
7.5.6.1. Civil-military consensus on China during Bhutto period
7.5.6.2. Civil-military consensus on China during Zia period
7.5.6.3. Civil-military consensus on China in post-Zia period
7.5.6.4. Civil-military consensus on China during Musharaf period
7.5.6.5. Civil-military consensus on China in post-Musharaf period
7.5.7. Effects of elite consensus
7.6. Chapter Summary
Chapter 8: Discussion
8.1. Theoretical Approach
8.2. Variables
8.3. Findings
8.3.1. Role of ideology and nationalism in shaping Pakistan's ties with China
8.3.1.1. Balancing options
8.3.1.2. Why China as a balancer?
8.3.1.3. Internal balancing
8.3.1.4. Social fragmentation:Need for internal balancing
8.3.1.5. State-sponsored ideology, nationalism and internal balancing
8.3.1.6. Role of China in internal balancing
8.3.1.6.1. Emulation
8.3.1.6.2. Resource extraction
8.3.1.7. External balancing
8.3.1.7.1. External threat perception and India factor
8.3.2. Role of elite consensus in influencing Pakistan's ties with China
8.3.2.1. Effects of elite consensus
8.3.3. The proposed model
8.4. Concluding remarks
Appendix-A: Consent Email
Appendix-B: Questionnaire
References
Endnotes
学位论文评阅及答辩情况表
【参考文献】：
期刊论文
[1]浅析第二次印巴战争前的中巴关系[J]. 郭松. 洛阳师范学院学报. 2009(01)
本文编号：3699620
【文章页数】：255 页
【学位级别】：博士
【文章目录】：
Dedication
Acknowledgements
Abstract
中文摘要
List of Abbreviations
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1. Research Problem
1.2. Importance of Study
1.3. Rationale for Case-Selection: 1972-2017
1.4. Objectives of Study
1.5. Research Questions (RQ)
1.6. Pakistan's Profile
1.6.1. Predictions about Pakistan's future
1.7. Dissertation Structure
Chapter 2: Review of Literature
2.1. Pakistan's Foreign Policy in General
2.2. Bilateralism in Pakistan's Foreign Policy
2.2.1. Pakistan-US relations
2.2.2. Indo-Pak ties
2.2.3. Ties between Pakistan and Muslim states
2.3. Multilateralism in Pakistan's Foreign Policy
2.3.1. Trilateral Aspect
2.3.2. Quadrilateral aspect: Pakistan-China-India-US
2.4. Pakistan-China Ties
2.4.1. Pakistan and China: All-weather friendship (AWF)
2.4.2. Pakistan and China: Fair-weather friendship (FWF)
2.5. Domestic Factors in Pakistan's Foreign Policy
Chapter 3: Methodology
3.1. Research Design
3.2. Data Collection and Analysis
3.2.1. Sources
3.2.2. Email Interviews
3.2.3. Sampling
3.2.4. Ethical Considerations
3.2.5. Data Analysis
3.3. Formatting Style
3.4. Variables
3.4.1. The independent variable: Indian threat
3.4.2. Intervening variables
3.4.2.1. Justification for the selection of intervening variables
3.4.2.2. Statist ideology
3.4.2.3. State-sponsored nationalism
3.4.2.4. Elite consensus
3.4.3. Dependent variable:Pakistan's foreign policy towards China
Chapter 4: Theoretical Framework
4.1. Levels of Analysis
4.2. Agency and Structure
4.3. Theories of IR
4.4. Theories of Foreign Policy
4.5. Main Assumptions of Neoclassical Realism
4.5.1. Neoclassical realism and classical realism
4.5.2. Neoclassical realism and neorealism
4.5.3. Neoclassical realist theory: A review of literature
4.5.4. Justification for the selection of neoclassical realist theory
4.5.5. Case justification
4.6. Theoretical Models
4.6.1. Schweller's model of balancing strategy
4.6.2. Taliaferro's resource-extraction model
4.7. Proposed Model
Chapter 5: Pakistan-China Ties: A Retrospective View 1951-2017
5.1. Early Ties:1950-1961
5.1.1. Breaking the ice:1952-1961
5.2. Cementing of the Ties: 1962-1970
5.2.1. The turning point: 1962
5.2.2. The milestone: 1963 Pakistan-China Border Treaty
5.2.3. Confidence-building: Aviation accord 1963
5.2.4. Indo-Pakistan War: 1965
5.2.5. Underlying factors for Pak-China ties
5.2.6. Ties between the two Indo-Pak wars: 1966-1970
5.3. Ties between 1971-1990
5.3.1. Sino-American rapprochement: Early 1971
5.3.2. Cracks in relationship: Indo-Pak War 1971
5.3.3. The Rejuvenation: 1972 onwards
5.3.4. Ties during Soviet intervention in Afghanistan:1979-1988
5.4. Sino-Pakistan Ties: 1990s
5.4.1. Kargil War
5.5. China and Pakistan Ties in 21~(st) Century
5.5.1. 9/11 and Indo-Pakistan military standoff: 2001-2002
5.5.2. Ties between 2003-2009
5.5.3. Ties between 2010-2017
5.5.4. CPEC:2013-2017
5.6. Chapter Summary
Chapter 6: Statist Ideology, State-Sponsored Nationalism and Pakistan-China Ties
6.1. Theoretical Insight
6.2. Justification for Using Two variables in Parallel
6.3. Need for Statist Ideology and State-Sponsored Nationalism
6.3.1. Internal problems
6.3.1.1. Ethnic divisions
6.3.1.2. Sectarian divide
6.3.1.3. The language issue
6.3.2. External threat: India
6.4. Statist Ideology
6.5. State-Sponsored Nationalism
6.5.1. Means to achieving Islamic ideology and Pakistani nationalism
6.6. Why China?
6.7. Role of Statist Ideology and State-sponsored nationalism: A case of Pakistan-China tiessince 1972
6.7.1. Z.A. Bhutto's Tenure
6.7.2. General Zia's period
6.7.3. Post-Zia period
6.7.4. Musharaf period
6.7.5. Post-Musharaf period
6.8. Chapter Summary
Chapter 7: Elite Consensus and Pakistan-China Ties
7.1. Theoretical Perspective
7.2. The Independent Variable: Indian Threat
7.3. The dependent variable: Balancing
7.4. Balancing Options
7.4.1. The US option as a Balancer
7.4.2. The Muslim states-as balancing option
7.4.3. SU/Russia as balancing choice
7.5. The Intervening Variable: Elite Consensus
7.5.1. Consensus
7.5.2. Elite
7.5.3. Literature and typology on elites in Pakistan
7.5.4. Military elite
7.5.5. Civil elites
7.5.5.1. Bureaucratic elite
7.5.5.2. Landowning elite
7.5.5.3. Religious elite
7.5.5.4. Business-industrial elite
7.5.5.5. Professional elite
7.5.6. Elite consensus in Pakistan on Ties with China
7.5.6.1. Civil-military consensus on China during Bhutto period
7.5.6.2. Civil-military consensus on China during Zia period
7.5.6.3. Civil-military consensus on China in post-Zia period
7.5.6.4. Civil-military consensus on China during Musharaf period
7.5.6.5. Civil-military consensus on China in post-Musharaf period
7.5.7. Effects of elite consensus
7.6. Chapter Summary
Chapter 8: Discussion
8.1. Theoretical Approach
8.2. Variables
8.3. Findings
8.3.1. Role of ideology and nationalism in shaping Pakistan's ties with China
8.3.1.1. Balancing options
8.3.1.2. Why China as a balancer?
8.3.1.3. Internal balancing
8.3.1.4. Social fragmentation:Need for internal balancing
8.3.1.5. State-sponsored ideology, nationalism and internal balancing
8.3.1.6. Role of China in internal balancing
8.3.1.6.1. Emulation
8.3.1.6.2. Resource extraction
8.3.1.7. External balancing
8.3.1.7.1. External threat perception and India factor
8.3.2. Role of elite consensus in influencing Pakistan's ties with China
8.3.2.1. Effects of elite consensus
8.3.3. The proposed model
8.4. Concluding remarks
Appendix-A: Consent Email
Appendix-B: Questionnaire
References
Endnotes
学位论文评阅及答辩情况表
【参考文献】：
期刊论文
[1]浅析第二次印巴战争前的中巴关系[J]. 郭松. 洛阳师范学院学报. 2009(01)
本文编号：3699620
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