韩国地方自治制度的基本原理及最新发展

发布时间：2018-01-12 05:25

本文关键词：韩国地方自治制度的基本原理及最新发展　出处：《长春理工大学学报(社会科学版)》2016年02期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：韩国虽然是单一制国家,但建国之初就排除了所有权力都集中到中央的中央集权国家治理模式,而是采用了西方惯用的地方分权体制,即地方自治制度。从地方行使自治权这个视角而言,韩国的中央并非凌驾于地方自治体,两者处于对等关系,而非是行政上的命令服从关系。但从国家统治的视角而言,地方自治体仍属于国家的组成部分,必须接受中央的监督,要遵守国家统一的行政处理基准。韩国之所以确立这种地方分权模式,是基于实现草根民主主义理念与提高国家统治效率的考量。从制度设计而言,韩国宪法与地方自治法赋予地方自治体多个自治权,包括地域自治权、人事自治权、组织自治权、财政自治权、规划自治权、立法自治权等,而且,为了让地方自治体能够有效地自主处理自治事务,设置了地方议会、地方行政长官等机构。另外,在地方自治制度运行过程中特别注重居民的因素,积极导入了包括居民监察、居民诉讼在内的国家层面上难以实现的直接民主主义制度。
[Abstract]:Although Korea is a unitary state, it ruled out that all powers were centralized in the central government at the beginning of the founding of the country, but adopted the system of decentralization, which is used in the west. That is, the local autonomy system. From the perspective of the local exercise of autonomy, the central government of Korea is not superior to the local autonomy, the two are in a reciprocal relationship. But from the perspective of state rule, local self-government is still part of the state and must be supervised by the central government. Korea established this mode of decentralization based on the consideration of realizing the concept of grassroots democracy and improving the efficiency of national rule. From the point of view of system design. The Constitution and the Law of Local Autonomy of Korea give the local autonomous body multiple autonomy, including regional autonomy, personnel autonomy, organizational autonomy, fiscal autonomy, planning autonomy, legislative autonomy, and so on. In order to enable the local self-government to deal with autonomous affairs effectively, local councils, local administrators and other institutions have been set up. In addition, special attention has been paid to the factors of residents in the operation of the local self-government system. The direct democratic system, which is difficult to realize at the national level, including resident supervision and resident litigation, has been introduced actively.
【作者单位】：延边大学法学院;
【基金】：吉林省教育厅重点项目
【分类号】：D731.26
【正文快照】： 韩国虽然是单一制国家,而且是个领土面积只有10平方公里1的小国,但建国之初就排除了所有权力都集中到中央的中央集权国家治理模式,而是采用了西方惯用的地方分权体制,即地方自治制度。韩国历史上的第一部宪法——1948年的制宪宪法即已明确了这一制度框架。韩国制宪宪法第96条

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