中美代议机关财政权比较研究

发布时间：2018-02-26 04:39

本文关键词： 中美代议机关政权比较研究　出处：《吉林大学》2011年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：代议制民主是现代民主政治的主要特征之一。代议机关有一项最古老而又传统的权力——财政权。这项权力的运用也被认为是代议制民主政治的主要内容与动力之一。当今世界,各国政治体制、意识形态因为国情的不同而有着深刻差异,但只要是民主政治的国家,有一点应该是相同的,这就是财政收入和支出必须得到民选机关的审查和批准,无论它被称为议会还是国会,或是如我国称之为人民代表大会。代议机关财政权的合理分配以及掌控,既是法律层面上一个非常重要的宪法相关问题,也是政治层面上非常重要的宪政相关问题。本文以中美代议机关财政权作为研究对象,在界定基本概念的前提下,探讨各自财政权产生和发展的历史路径和合理性,深入探讨两国代议机关财政权的建构逻辑,分析两国代议机关财政权的运作机制,比较其在不同的权力模式下所体现的不同特点,并探讨各自面临的问题及相应的改革机制。研究重点围绕在中美两国代议机关对于财政权的掌控和监督过程,将美国议会财政权的行使机制与我国人民代表大会财政监控制度之间做全方位的对比,即对二者运行模式、产生原因、理论逻辑、历史变迁与完善路径进行梳理和总结,在验证代议制民主与财政之间的理论与历史逻辑关联的同时,客观评价中美代议机关财政权行使机制在实际运行中的表现,最终目的是为完善我国人民代表大会制度做出理论贡献。
[Abstract]:Representative democracy is one of the main features of modern democratic politics. Representative organs have one of the oldest and traditional powers-fiscal power. The use of this power is also considered to be one of the main contents and driving forces of representative democracy. The political systems and ideologies of each country vary profoundly according to their national conditions, but as long as they are democratic, one thing should be the same: fiscal revenues and expenditures must be reviewed and approved by elected organs. Whether it is called Parliament or Congress, or the rational distribution and control of the fiscal power of representative organs, as our country calls it, is a very important constitution-related issue at the legal level. It is also a very important issue related to constitutionalism on the political level. This paper takes the financial power of representative institutions in China and the United States as the research object, and discusses the historical path and rationality of the emergence and development of their respective fiscal rights under the premise of defining the basic concepts. This paper probes into the constructive logic of the financial power of the representative organs of the two countries, analyzes the operating mechanism of the fiscal power of the representative organs of the two countries, and compares the different characteristics of the financial rights of the representative organs in different power models. And discuss the problems they face and the corresponding reform mechanisms. The research focuses on the process of controlling and supervising the fiscal power of the representative institutions of China and the United States. This paper compares the exercise mechanism of the fiscal power of the United States Congress with the financial supervision system of the people's Congress of our country in all directions, that is, combing and summing up the operation mode, the causes, the theoretical logic, the historical changes and the path of perfection of the two systems. While verifying the relationship between the theory and historical logic between representative democracy and finance, the paper objectively evaluates the performance of the financial power exercise mechanism of representative institutions in China and the United States in practice. The ultimate aim is to make a theoretical contribution to the perfection of the system of the people's Congress of our country.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D622;D771.2

【引证文献】