1992年96号法与埃及佃农的政治转向——兼论穆巴拉克政权垮台的乡村因素

发布时间：2018-04-15 19:14

本文选题：“三农”问题 + 埃及　；参考：《西亚非洲》2013年03期

【摘要】：1992年穆巴拉克政权出台96号法,放松对地产面积的限制并废除纳赛尔时代的永佃制度。1997年10月1日,96号法全面实施,佃农对穆巴拉克从期待转为绝望,与政府和地主展开激烈对抗,穆巴拉克政权在乡村的统治基础空前萎缩。2011年穆巴拉克政权垮台,不仅源于城市民众的反抗,而且与丧失乡村小农的支持密切相关。1992年96号法的执行过程表明:埃及"三农"问题长期存在的主要原因在于政府与国民、城市与乡村、地主与小农、精英与民众的政治资源分配不均。同时,农业发展和农村繁荣离不开农民政治权利的实现;仅仅改变地权和经营方式,而不赋予农民平等参政的权利,难以从根本上解放农民、发展农业和繁荣农村。
[Abstract]:In 1992, the Mubarak regime issued Law 96 to relax the restrictions on the real estate area and to abolish the Nasser era permanent tenancy system. On October 1, 1997, Act 96 was fully implemented, and the tenants turned from expectation to despair.Fierce confrontations with the government and landlords have seen an unprecedented decline in the foundations of the Mubarak regime's rule in the countryside. The fall of Mubarak's regime in 2011 was not only the result of urban revolt.Moreover, it is closely related to the loss of support from rural smallholder farmers. The implementation of Law 96 of 1992 shows that the main reasons for the long-standing problem of "agriculture, countryside and farmers" in Egypt are the government and the people, the cities and the villages, the landlords and the smallholder farmers.The political resources of the elite and the people are unevenly distributed.At the same time, agricultural development and rural prosperity can not be separated from the realization of peasants' political rights.
【作者单位】：天津大学马克思主义学院;
【基金】：2012年国家社会科学基金一般项目“中东现代化进程中的世俗政治与宗教政治研究”(12BSS014) 2009年教育部人文社会科学重点基地重大项目“中东政治现代化进程研究”(2009JJD770023)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：D741.1

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