论20世纪末以来印度教极端主义的发展及其对印度国家建设的影响

发布时间：2018-04-25 10:33

本文选题：印度教极端主义 + 印度教国家　；参考：《新疆大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：印度教极端主义以“印度教特性”认同为理论基础，以“同盟家族”为组织基础，以暴力为手段对付非印度教徒，追求建立一个印度教徒占多数的排他性的“印度教国家”。20世纪80年代以来，印度教极端主义的影响力日益增强，宗教流血事件发生的频率明显上升，越来越受到人们关注。 “印度教传统”和“闪族宗教”是两种完全不同的社会文化现象。前者具有多元偶像崇拜和宗教宽容的特点，反对改宗；而后者则是反对偶像崇拜的一神论，倡导宗教自由，鼓励改宗，因而两者存在结构性矛盾。印度殖民政府以及独立后的印度政府都接受了世俗化和国家中立观念，使得印度教面临着外来宗教竞争的压力，印度教团体不得不按照“闪族宗教”的模式对印度教进行改革，印度教极端主义应运而生。 20世纪90年代以来，原来国大党独大的政治体制逐渐演变为以国大党和印度人民党为首的两极政党联盟竞争体制。在选举政治逻辑的推动下，印度多元宗教文化为教派主义提供了丰厚的土壤，印度教极端主义对其国家建设构成了挑战。就“民族建构”而言，，印度教极端主义者坚持以“印度教特性”进行“民族”建构，将穆斯林和基督教徒排斥在外，这与现代民族建构理论大相径庭，而理论上“民族”的文化内核与“国家”的政治外壳的错位正是导致实践上印度不时爆发残酷教派冲突的内在逻辑。就制度建构而言，印度教极端主义的影响是复杂的，首先，在印度教极端主义的鼓动下，各种族、宗教和种姓团体也自我组织起来参与政治，以至于政治系统不能承受过度政治化之苦；其次，教派主义耗散了联邦的权威从而使其无法对国家进行有效整合；再次，印度教极端主义挑战了世俗化原则，恶化了政治环境。这都使国家对社会的控制能力下降，从而使得其制度建构受阻。同时，在中位选民定理作用下，印度人民党会逐渐放弃其极端主义主张，选择中间路线以争取中间选民，所以政治制度也会对印度教极端主义形成制约。
[Abstract]:Hinduism extremism, based on the identity of Hinduism, is based on the "alliance family" as the organizational basis, dealing with non India believers by violence and pursuing the establishment of an exclusive "Hindu country" of the majority of India believers in the 80s of the.20 century, the influence of religious extremism in India is increasing and religious flow is increasing. The frequency of blood events has increased significantly, attracting more and more attention.
The "Hindu tradition" and "the Semitic religion" are two completely different social and cultural phenomena. The former is characterized by multiple idolatry and religious tolerance, and the latter is a monotheism against idolatry, advocating religious freedom and encouraging the reform. Therefore, there are structural contradictions between the two. The colonial government of India and its independence are independent. After the India government accepted the secularization and state neutrality, Hinduism faced the pressure of foreign religious competition. Hindu groups had to reform the Hinduism according to the "Semitic religion" model, and Hindu extremism came into being.
Since 1990s, the political system of the independence of the big party has gradually evolved into a two polar party alliance competition system headed by the National Congress Party and the India people's party. Under the impetus of the political logic of the election, the pluralistic religious culture of India provides a rich soil for sectarianism, and India's extremism poses a challenge to its national construction. As far as "national construction" is concerned, Hinduism extremists insist on "national" construction by "Hinduism" and exclude Muslims and Christians from the modern national construction theory, and the dislocation of "national" cultural core and the political shell of "state" in theory leads to the fact that India is not in practice. The internal logic of the clash of the cruel sects erupted. As far as institutional construction was concerned, the influence of Hinduism extremism was complex. First, under the agitation of Hinduism extremism, the various ethnic, religious and caste groups also organized themselves to participate in politics, so that the political system could not bear the suffering of excessive politicization; secondly, sectarian dissipation. Again, Hinduism extremism challenges the secularization principle and worsens the political environment. This makes the state's ability to control society down, thus making its institutional construction blocked. At the same time, the people's Party of India will gradually abandon its extremes under the role of the medium of voters. It is advocated that the middle route be chosen to win the middle voters, so the political system will also restrict the Hindu extremism.

【学位授予单位】：新疆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D735.1

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