美国早期党争中的“1812年战争问题”

发布时间：2018-06-05 10:03

本文选题：美国外交 + 早期党争　；参考：《渤海大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：1812年战争作为美国早期历史的一个重大事件，对当时美国政治、经济产生了广泛的影响。尤其对美国早期的政党斗争而言，其影响更可谓重大而深刻。1812年战争同其他若干重大事件一起，如法国大革命、《杰伊条约》等，成为美国早期党争的焦点。无论是对英宣战问题，还是对英战争所涉及的若干问题，如联邦军队、关税政策，领土扩张问题，以及对战争结果的处理（《根特和约》），都成为联邦党与民主共和党争论不休的焦点问题。民主共和党人绝大多数坚持对英宣战，不主张征兵和发展海军，要求实行保护性关税、从事扩张领土，赞成《根特和约》，，联邦党人则坚持相反的观点。围绕1812年战争展开的两党争斗，揭示了两党在外交政策上虽有不同，却都不可避免地带有美国建国初期传统孤立主义外交理念的烙印，同时又表现出鲜明的时代性要求，即由政治独立、经济亲英转向政治独立、经济自由。两党旗帜鲜明地进行了数年的不懈争论，最终结果是联邦党的衰落和民主共和党的持续执政。随着美国进入了短暂的“一党专政”时期，第一个政党制度逐渐过渡到第二个政党制度，美国外交政策也随之做出了重大的调整。
[Abstract]:As an important event in the early American history, the War of 1812 had a wide influence on American politics and economy. The war of 1812, along with some other major events, such as the French Revolution and the Treaty of Jay, became the focus of the early American party debate. Whether it is a declaration of war against Britain or some of the issues involved in the war against Britain, such as the federal army, customs policy, territorial expansion, And the handling of the outcome of the war (the Treaty of Ghent) has become the focus of debate between the Federal Party and the Democratic Republican Party. The vast majority of the Democratic Republicans insisted on declaring war on Britain, did not advocate conscription and naval development, demanded protective tariffs, engaged in territorial expansion, and supported the Treaty of Ghent, while the Federalists insisted on the contrary. The battle between the two parties around the War of 1812 revealed that although the two parties had different foreign policies, they inevitably bore the brand of the traditional isolationist diplomatic philosophy in the early days of the founding of the United States, and at the same time displayed the distinctive requirements of the times. That is, from political independence, economic pro-Britain to political independence, economic freedom. After years of indefatigable debate between the two parties, the end result was the decline of the federal party and the continued rule of the Democratic Republican Party. With the short period of "one party dictatorship", the first political party system gradually transitioned to the second political party system, and the American foreign policy made important adjustments.
【学位授予单位】：渤海大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D771.2

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