有限的合作：美国国会与联合国

发布时间：2018-06-10 20:13

本文选题：美国国会 + 联合国　；参考：《复旦大学》2006年博士论文

【摘要】： 国际关系理论中的结构主义范式轻视国内政治和国际制度等重要行为体。国际制度面临着从国家凝聚共识、获取支持的挑战。权力、合法性、国家利益与国际民主等是涉及国内政治与国际制度互动的重要变量。本文选取美国国会与联合国之间的合作关系作为研究对象。文章在回顾美国国会与联合国之间关系发展过程的基础上，重点分析了联合国维和行动与联合国改革两个案例。文章主要采用国际制度理论和文本解读方法，试图理解美国国会在美国与联合国关系中的作用，深入认知联合国在全球事务中的作用、局限和改革。基于此，本文得出下述基本观点。美国国会拥有影响美国与联合国关系的权力基础，包括财政支持、条约批准、人事任命、偏好塑造等。美国国会在联合国形成、联合国宪章制定、联合国改革以及联合国维和行动、财务运转等方面发挥着重要影响。例外主义、保守主义、分裂政府、党派竞争和部门利益是影响美国国会对联合国态度的主要国内因素。美国的实力地位赋予美国国会以工具主义态度看待联合国的特权。保守主义信念导致美国国会对联合国持怀疑主义的态度。例外主义情结促使美国国会按照自己的想法重新塑造联合国。美国国会对国家主权和国家利益的狭隘关注给美国与联合国的关系蒙上了一层阴影。联合国在全球事务中拥有合法性、成本分担、确认大国地位、树立全球规范等优势。因为这些优势，美国国会内主张美国脱离联合国的声音难以获得实质影响。联合国在维和行动、财政运转以及自身改革中的困难说明，，它需要通过改革来消除会员国的疑虑。联合国改革的目标应是建设高效、民主、负责的全球性制度。
[Abstract]:The structuralism paradigm in the theory of international relations despises important actors such as domestic politics and international institutions. The international system faces the challenge of building consensus and gaining support from countries. Power, legitimacy, national interest and international democracy are important variables involving the interaction between domestic politics and international system. This paper chooses the cooperative relationship between the United States Congress and the United Nations as the object of study. Based on a review of the development of the relationship between the United States Congress and the United Nations, this paper focuses on the analysis of two cases of United Nations peacekeeping operations and United Nations reform. This paper mainly uses the theory of international system and the method of text interpretation to try to understand the role of the United States Congress in the relationship between the United States and the United Nations, and to deeply understand the role, limitation and reform of the United Nations in global affairs. Based on this, this paper draws the following basic points. Congress has the power base to influence the relationship between the United States and the United Nations, including financial support, treaty ratification, personnel appointment, preference shaping, etc. The United States Congress plays an important role in the formation of the United Nations, the constitution of the United Nations, the reform of the United Nations and the operation of peacekeeping operations and financial operations of the United Nations. Exceptionalism, conservatism, divided government, partisan competition and sectoral interests are the main domestic factors that influence the attitude of the United States Congress to the United Nations. America's position of power gives Congress the privilege to look at the United Nations with instrumentalism. Conservative beliefs have led to a sceptical view of the United Nations in Congress. The exceptionalism complex prompted Congress to reshape the United Nations on its own terms. The narrow focus of Congress on national sovereignty and national interests has cast a shadow over the relationship between the United States and the United Nations, which has the advantages of legitimacy, cost sharing, recognition of power status and global norms in global affairs. Because of these advantages, the voices in Congress arguing that the United States should leave the United Nations are difficult to gain substantive influence. The difficulties of the United Nations in peacekeeping operations, financial operations and its own reforms illustrate the need for reform to allay the concerns of member States. The goal of UN reform should be to build an efficient, democratic and accountable global system.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：D771.2;D813.2

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