美国AFDC政策的演变

发布时间：2018-06-10 20:15

本文选题：美国 + AFDC政策　；参考：《山东师范大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：抚养未成年儿童家庭援助(Aid to Families with Dependent Children)简称AFDC,由美国卫生及公共服务部管理。该政策的发展从一个侧面反映了美国家庭福利制度的历史发展进程。从1935年F·罗斯福总统提出社会保障制度起,到1996年克林顿政府家庭福利改革时废止,在AFDC存在的60多年里,经历了产生、完善、批判、废止的四个阶段。全文共分四部分: 第一部分是序言部分,主要讲述了国内外对AFDC的研究现状,国内外研究AFDC的专注不多,所以笔者主要介绍了与之相关的美国社会保障方面的研究成果。第二部分讲述了AFDC政策产生的背景。从国内背景和国际背景两方面进行分析。国内背景主要从工业化和贫困问题的加剧以及20世纪30年代经济大危机对美国的冲击,造成失业人口剧增,亟需社会保障政策的出炉;时任总统夫人的埃莉诺·罗斯福对妇女儿童问题的重视,客观上也促进了ADC政策的出台。国际背景主要从20世纪30年代经济大危机和二战的爆发有力的促进了各国社会保障制度的建立和完善,紧接着20世纪50～60年代强劲的经济增长为各国社会保障制度的制定提供了强有力的经济后盾,以及随后在20世纪70年代爆发的经济危机,促使各国进行福利制度的改革三个方面加以论述。在国内外背景的综合影响下,促成了美国AFDC政策的出台并不断发展演变。第三部分讲述AFDC政策的发展演变。AFDC由ADC政策发展演变而来,20世纪50-70年代呈现逐步扩大的趋势,70-80年代呈现逐步缩减的趋势,总是随着社会发展的需要不断变革着,到了90年代,对AFDC的批判声越来越猛烈,改革似乎很难从根本上解决妇女儿童的贫困问题,亟需新的政策取而代之,于是就有了克林顿政府的家庭福利变革,出台了新的政策——TANF,逐渐取代了存在了六十余年的AFDC政策。第四部分主要是通过学术界及美国社会对AFDC的消极评价的介绍,分析造成这种现象的原因,借此阐明笔者的观点:AFDC并不像人们想象的那样糟糕,之所以会这样,是因为人们对AFDC有了太多的假定,AFDC在其存在的六十年,对美国妇女和儿童的帮助,对人们重拾生活的信心以及对美国家庭福利的发展等多个方面都做出了巨大的贡献。笔者期望通过对微观政策的研究,唤起人们对弱势群体的关注,呼吁政府出台更切合实际、更能满足人们需要的政策。也希望通过了解美国政府对妇女儿童的政策,期望对中国现存的一些社会问题,留守儿童、妇女福利等问题有所启迪。
[Abstract]:Family Aid to families with dependent Child support, or AFDC, is administered by the United States Department of Health and Human Services. The development of this policy reflects the historical development of American family welfare system. From the time President F. Roosevelt put forward the social security system in 1935 to the abolition of the Clinton administration family welfare reform in 1996, in the more than 60 years of AFDC's existence, it has been produced, perfected and criticized. This paper is divided into four parts: the first part is the preface, which mainly describes the research status of AFDC at home and abroad, and the focus of AFDC research at home and abroad is not much. The second part describes the background of AFDC policy. From the domestic and international background analysis of two aspects. The domestic background is mainly from the aggravation of industrialization and poverty and the impact of the economic crisis on the United States in the 1930s, resulting in a sharp increase in the number of unemployed people, and the urgent need for social security policies. Eleanor Roosevelt's emphasis on women and children objectively contributed to ADC policy. International background mainly from the 1930s economic crisis and the outbreak of World War II to promote the establishment and improvement of the social security system. The strong economic growth of the 1950s and 1960s provided a strong economic backing for the development of social security systems in various countries, and the economic crisis that broke out in the 1970s, Three aspects of the reform of welfare system are discussed. Under the combined influence of domestic and foreign background, The third part describes the development and evolution of AFDC policy. The third part describes the evolution of AFDC policy. Always changing with the needs of social development, in the 1990s, the criticism of AFDC became more and more fierce, the reform seemed to be difficult to fundamentally solve the poverty of women and children, and needed to be replaced by new policies. As a result, there was a change in family welfare in the Clinton administration, and a new policy, TANF was introduced, gradually replacing the AFDC policy that had existed for more than 60 years. The fourth part was mainly through the introduction of the negative evaluation of AFDC by academia and American society. By analyzing the causes of this phenomenon, I would like to clarify the author's view that: AFDC is not as bad as people think, it is because people have too many assumptions about AFDC in its sixty years of existence. The help to American women and children, to people to regain the confidence of life and to the development of American family welfare have made great contributions. I hope to arouse people's attention to the vulnerable groups through the research of micro-policy. Call on the government to put in place policies that are more realistic and more responsive to people's needs. It is also hoped that through understanding the US government's policy on women and children, it hopes to enlighten some of China's existing social problems, left-behind children, and women's welfare.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D771.2

【引证文献】