美国国家安全顾问的角色矛盾原因分析（1953-2005）
发布时间：2018-08-06 19:43
【摘要】：美国国家安全顾问,起源于1947年国家安全法案。由此美国建立起跨机构协调组织,协助并建议总统,涉及国内、国外、军事、经济上的国家安全政策,以期促使军队与其他机构部门有效合作。自从其成立之日起,美国国家安全顾问成为美国国内外安全政策制定的核心人物之一。本文基于历史文献和角色理论,分析导致美国国家安全顾问角色矛盾的起因。主要历史文献来自访谈记录,国会报告以及其他书籍论文。本文从社会学角度出发,比较陌生人社会与熟人社会的社会关系网络,研究美国政治机制背后的人的因素。进而,前者的矛盾因素转化为组织设计上的矛盾,体现在组织结构以及组织功能两方面上。最后,静态的矛盾转变为承担角色的个体与角色现实要求之间的动态矛盾。最终得出结论,美国国家安全顾问的角色矛盾,是在以法律为核心的社会机制与以总统为核心的白宫精英团体机制的背景下产生的。在这二者的相互碰撞下,国家安全顾问的角色矛盾体现在冲突矛盾的组织结构与组织功能设计,受总统与官僚间的矛盾推动,并面临着角色的实际履行中的现实挑战。因此,其角色矛盾是源自总统的权力斗争,并且其矛盾强度受特定历史条件影响。美国总统掌握外交政策制定的最终决定权,不同政府的国家安全委员会的组织与影响力也不相同,从组织严密、程序正式到仅仅只是专家的松散联系。然而,国家安全顾问在跨机构协调中发挥关键作用,本研究将会因此具有现实意义与理论意义。
[Abstract]:National Security adviser who originated in the 1947 National Security Act. As a result, the United States established an inter-agency coordination organization to assist and advise the President on national security policies at home, abroad, military and economic, with a view to promoting effective cooperation between the military and other agencies. Since its founding, the National Security adviser has been one of the central players in domestic and foreign security policy making. Based on historical literature and role theory, this paper analyzes the causes of the contradiction in the role of National Security adviser. The main historical literature comes from interview notes, congressional reports, and other book papers. From the angle of sociology, this paper compares the social networks between strangers and acquaintances, and studies the human factors behind American political mechanism. Furthermore, the contradiction factor of the former is transformed into the contradiction in organizational design, which is embodied in two aspects: organizational structure and organizational function. Finally, the static contradiction is transformed into the dynamic contradiction between the individual who undertakes the role and the realistic requirement of the role. Finally, it is concluded that the contradiction of the role of the National Security adviser of the United States is under the background of the social mechanism with the law as the core and the White House elite group mechanism with the president as the core. Under the collision of the two, the contradiction of the role of national security adviser is embodied in the conflicting organizational structure and organizational function design, which is promoted by the contradiction between the president and the bureaucrats, and is facing the realistic challenge in the actual performance of the role. Therefore, the contradiction of its role originates from the power struggle of the president, and its intensity is influenced by certain historical conditions. The President of the United States has the final say in the formulation of foreign policy, and the organization and influence of the National Security Council of different governments are different, ranging from tightly organized, formalized procedures to just loose links of experts. However, the National Security adviser plays a key role in cross-agency coordination, so this study will be of practical and theoretical significance.
【学位授予单位】：四川外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D771.2
本文编号：2168796
[Abstract]:National Security adviser who originated in the 1947 National Security Act. As a result, the United States established an inter-agency coordination organization to assist and advise the President on national security policies at home, abroad, military and economic, with a view to promoting effective cooperation between the military and other agencies. Since its founding, the National Security adviser has been one of the central players in domestic and foreign security policy making. Based on historical literature and role theory, this paper analyzes the causes of the contradiction in the role of National Security adviser. The main historical literature comes from interview notes, congressional reports, and other book papers. From the angle of sociology, this paper compares the social networks between strangers and acquaintances, and studies the human factors behind American political mechanism. Furthermore, the contradiction factor of the former is transformed into the contradiction in organizational design, which is embodied in two aspects: organizational structure and organizational function. Finally, the static contradiction is transformed into the dynamic contradiction between the individual who undertakes the role and the realistic requirement of the role. Finally, it is concluded that the contradiction of the role of the National Security adviser of the United States is under the background of the social mechanism with the law as the core and the White House elite group mechanism with the president as the core. Under the collision of the two, the contradiction of the role of national security adviser is embodied in the conflicting organizational structure and organizational function design, which is promoted by the contradiction between the president and the bureaucrats, and is facing the realistic challenge in the actual performance of the role. Therefore, the contradiction of its role originates from the power struggle of the president, and its intensity is influenced by certain historical conditions. The President of the United States has the final say in the formulation of foreign policy, and the organization and influence of the National Security Council of different governments are different, ranging from tightly organized, formalized procedures to just loose links of experts. However, the National Security adviser plays a key role in cross-agency coordination, so this study will be of practical and theoretical significance.
【学位授予单位】：四川外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D771.2
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