中西协商民主之比较

发布时间：2018-09-10 16:26

【摘要】：西方“协商民主”理论兴起于二十世纪八十年代,旨在回应西方社会面临的挑战,破解代议制选举民主的困境,特别是多元文化社会潜藏的各种冲突,以及种族、文化、团体之间难以平等有效地参与公共决策的问题。协商民主强调公民平等地参与公共政策的制定过程,自由地表达个人的意见并倾听他人的观点,经过充分地讨论和沟通,从而获得既尊重大多数人的意见又不忽略少数人的利益的共识。西方协商民主是对民主本质的深入反思,是对代议制民主在当代民主政治体制中发展的一种修正,是民主理论在当代的新发展。虽然“协商民主”理论兴起和发展于西方,但是协商民主政治的思想和实践早已存在于近现代中国的政治发展历程中。中国的协商民主及其制度是特定历史背景和社会条件的产物,孕育于中国革命之中,形成于协商建国,发展于社会主义建设的实践之中。协商民主是中国共产党和各民主党派的共同创造,是中国近现代社会发展的必然选择,是实现社会主义民主的重要形式。中国协商民主既体现了中华民族兼容并蓄的优秀文化传统,具有鲜明的中国特色,又符合社会主义民主政治的本质要求,具有独特而不可替代的作用。人民民主的实践对中国协商民主的发展形成了深刻的内在要求,这体现在制度上即是中国共产党领导的多党合作与政治协商制度及其运作的平台人民政协地不断发展和完善。作为适应中国社会条件的民主形式,协商民主为现代国家建设提供了民主资源,推动了中国的民主化进程,是建设和谐社会的必要手段。本文概述了中西方协商民主的产生背景、理论基础、政治功能以及实践形式,比较了两者之间的异同点,分析了西方协商民主带来的启示,并就中国协商民主的发展价值和完善路径做了进一步的探讨。
[Abstract]:The western theory of "deliberative democracy" began in the 1980s, in order to respond to the challenges faced by Western societies and to solve the plight of representative electoral democracy, especially in the various conflicts hidden in multicultural societies, as well as in race and culture. It is difficult for groups to participate equally and effectively in public decision-making. Consultative democracy emphasizes the equal participation of citizens in the formulation of public policy, the free expression of the views of the individual and the listening to the views of others, through full discussion and communication, In order to achieve a consensus that respects the views of the majority without neglecting the interests of the minority. Western deliberative democracy is an in-depth reflection on the essence of democracy, a revision to the development of representative democracy in the contemporary democratic political system, and a new development of democratic theory in the contemporary era. Although the theory of "deliberative democracy" has arisen and developed in the West, the thought and practice of deliberative democracy have already existed in the political development course of modern China. China's deliberative democracy and its system are the product of specific historical background and social conditions. They were conceived in the Chinese revolution, formed in the process of consultation and nation-building, and developed in the practice of socialist construction. The deliberative democracy is the co-creation of the Communist Party of China and the democratic parties, is the inevitable choice of the development of China's modern society, and is an important form of realizing socialist democracy. China's deliberative democracy not only embodies the excellent cultural tradition of the Chinese nation, but also meets the essential requirements of socialist democratic politics and plays a unique and irreplaceable role. The practice of people's democracy has formed a profound internal requirement for the development of China's consultative democracy, which is embodied in the system of multi-party cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the Communist Party of China and the platform for the continuous development and perfection of the people's political Consultative Conference. As a form of democracy adapted to the social conditions of China, deliberative democracy provides democratic resources for the construction of modern countries, promotes the process of democratization in China, and is a necessary means to build a harmonious society. This paper summarizes the background, theoretical basis, political function and practical form of Chinese and Western deliberative democracy, compares the similarities and differences between the two, and analyzes the enlightenment brought by western deliberative democracy. Furthermore, the development value and perfect path of China's deliberative democracy are further discussed.
【学位授予单位】：华侨大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D627

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