中美西部开发中政府作用的比较研究
发布时间：2018-11-18 15:45
【摘要】：西部大开发是我国世纪之交的一项重大举措,也是新世纪中国政府的一项长期的发展战略,直接关系到我国社会主义现代化建设的发展前景,具有重大的历史与现实意义。美国曾经是一个地区经济发展很不平衡的国家,从19世纪初开始西进运动,走上了拓荒西部、开发西部、发展西部的道路,通过成功的西部开发,为美国经济的繁荣发展奠定了基础,从某种意义上说,没有西部开发的成功,就不可能有现在全面繁荣的美国。在这个开发西部的过程中,美国政府在其中扮演了举足轻重的作用。 理论是指导实践的工具,就西部开发而言,可供指导的理论包括可持续发展理论、梯度理论和区域经济发展理论,尤其是后者区域经济发展理论又包括增长极理论、点轴开发理论、网络开发理论等,这些理论为我们分析中美两国的西部开发提供了有益的指导。 中国历代统治者,在国力许可的情况下,都会致力于西部地区的建设与巩固。但是受到生产力发展水平等因素的制约,始终未能达成美国那样的成就。尤其是到了近代以来,中国西部地区的经济已经大大落后于东部地区。在我国近代与现代史上,曾经出现过若干次政府主导下的西部开发的热潮,但都未能促成西部经济持续发展,更未解决我国区域经济发展不平衡的问题。在区域经济开发史上,中、美两国的西部开发得到了全世界的广泛注意。本文就中、美两国的西部开发进行横向比较,从政府这个层面作为切入点,抽丝剥茧分析两国政府的异同点,对于厘清我国西部开发中存在的问题,全面提高理性认识,开阔视野,从而走出一条既借鉴西部开发的国际经验又具有中国特色的西部大开发之路,具有重要的意义。 中美两国国情不同,但是政府在各自西部开发过程中都起到了至关重要的作用,在对基础设施建设和移民的重视程度上,存在着许多共同点。但是两国政府更多的是不同点,这些差异性因素包括政府开发自然资源的不同方式、政府对外政策的差异、开发主体的差异、体制上的区别以及对文化影响的不同。由于两国国情不同,存在的这些差异对于两国西部开发的路径选择产生了直接影响。 从美国西部开发史来看,政府在推动西部开发过程中有宝贵的经验,重视市场机制配置资源,政府推出优惠政策,重视基础设施建设等等,取得了显著的效果。但是不容忽视的是,在其开发过程中也付出了一定的代价,诸如环境问题、基建中的浪费、城镇的盲目建设等,这值得我们参考并引以为鉴。在中国现阶段的西部开发过程中,这些经验教训的总结有助于我们避免重走弯路,对于我国走出一条建设有中国特色社会主义的西部开发之路将起到促进作用。
[Abstract]:The development of the western region is an important measure at the turn of the century and a long-term development strategy of the Chinese government in the new century. It is directly related to the development prospects of China's socialist modernization and has great historical and practical significance. The United States was once a country with unbalanced regional economic development. From the beginning of the 19th century, the United States began its westward movement and embarked on the road of pioneering the west, developing the west, and successfully developing the western region. It lays the foundation for the prosperity and development of American economy. In a sense, without the success of western development, there can be no comprehensive prosperity of the United States now. In this process of developing the west, the US government played a pivotal role in it. Theory is a tool to guide practice. As far as western development is concerned, the theory of sustainable development, gradient theory and regional economic development theory, especially the latter theory of regional economic development, including the theory of growth pole, can be used to guide the development of the western region. Point-axis development theory, network development theory and so on, these theories provide beneficial guidance for us to analyze the western development of China and the United States. China's successive rulers, under the circumstances of national strength, will devote themselves to the construction and consolidation of the western region. However, restricted by factors such as productivity development, the United States has never achieved the same achievement. Especially in modern times, the economy of western China has lagged far behind the eastern region. In the modern and modern history of our country, there have been several upsurge of the western development under the guidance of the government, but none of them has promoted the sustained development of the western economy, let alone solved the problem of the imbalance of the regional economic development in our country. In the history of regional economic development, the western development of China and the United States has received extensive attention all over the world. This paper makes a horizontal comparison between the western development of China and the United States. From the government level as a starting point, the paper analyzes the similarities and differences between the two governments in order to clarify the problems existing in the development of the western region of China, and to comprehensively raise the rational understanding. Therefore, it is of great significance to broaden the vision of western development, which not only draws lessons from the international experience of western development, but also has Chinese characteristics. China and the United States have different national conditions, but the government has played a vital role in the development of their western regions, and there are many common points in the importance of infrastructure construction and immigration. But the differences between the two governments include the different ways of developing natural resources, the differences of government's foreign policy, the differences of the main bodies of development, the differences of system and the differences on culture. Because of the difference between the two countries, these differences have a direct impact on the path choice of the western development between the two countries. From the history of western development in the United States, the government has valuable experience in promoting the development of the western region, attaches importance to the allocation of resources by market mechanism, puts forward preferential policies and attaches importance to the construction of infrastructure, and so on, and has achieved remarkable results. However, it can not be ignored that in the process of its development, it has also paid a certain price, such as environmental problems, waste in infrastructure, blind construction of towns and so on, which is worthy of our reference and lessons learned. In the course of China's western development at the present stage, the summary of these experiences and lessons will help us to avoid the detours, and will promote the development of China's western region by building socialism with Chinese characteristics.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D771.2;D630
本文编号：2340453
[Abstract]:The development of the western region is an important measure at the turn of the century and a long-term development strategy of the Chinese government in the new century. It is directly related to the development prospects of China's socialist modernization and has great historical and practical significance. The United States was once a country with unbalanced regional economic development. From the beginning of the 19th century, the United States began its westward movement and embarked on the road of pioneering the west, developing the west, and successfully developing the western region. It lays the foundation for the prosperity and development of American economy. In a sense, without the success of western development, there can be no comprehensive prosperity of the United States now. In this process of developing the west, the US government played a pivotal role in it. Theory is a tool to guide practice. As far as western development is concerned, the theory of sustainable development, gradient theory and regional economic development theory, especially the latter theory of regional economic development, including the theory of growth pole, can be used to guide the development of the western region. Point-axis development theory, network development theory and so on, these theories provide beneficial guidance for us to analyze the western development of China and the United States. China's successive rulers, under the circumstances of national strength, will devote themselves to the construction and consolidation of the western region. However, restricted by factors such as productivity development, the United States has never achieved the same achievement. Especially in modern times, the economy of western China has lagged far behind the eastern region. In the modern and modern history of our country, there have been several upsurge of the western development under the guidance of the government, but none of them has promoted the sustained development of the western economy, let alone solved the problem of the imbalance of the regional economic development in our country. In the history of regional economic development, the western development of China and the United States has received extensive attention all over the world. This paper makes a horizontal comparison between the western development of China and the United States. From the government level as a starting point, the paper analyzes the similarities and differences between the two governments in order to clarify the problems existing in the development of the western region of China, and to comprehensively raise the rational understanding. Therefore, it is of great significance to broaden the vision of western development, which not only draws lessons from the international experience of western development, but also has Chinese characteristics. China and the United States have different national conditions, but the government has played a vital role in the development of their western regions, and there are many common points in the importance of infrastructure construction and immigration. But the differences between the two governments include the different ways of developing natural resources, the differences of government's foreign policy, the differences of the main bodies of development, the differences of system and the differences on culture. Because of the difference between the two countries, these differences have a direct impact on the path choice of the western development between the two countries. From the history of western development in the United States, the government has valuable experience in promoting the development of the western region, attaches importance to the allocation of resources by market mechanism, puts forward preferential policies and attaches importance to the construction of infrastructure, and so on, and has achieved remarkable results. However, it can not be ignored that in the process of its development, it has also paid a certain price, such as environmental problems, waste in infrastructure, blind construction of towns and so on, which is worthy of our reference and lessons learned. In the course of China's western development at the present stage, the summary of these experiences and lessons will help us to avoid the detours, and will promote the development of China's western region by building socialism with Chinese characteristics.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D771.2;D630
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