石峁遗址的玉器研究

发布时间：2018-01-01 19:42

本文关键词：石峁遗址的玉器研究　出处：《天津师范大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：玉器在新石器时代被誉为“神物”,广泛地分布于各文化遗址中,有祭幸用器、礼仪用器、生产工具和装饰品等,种类多样。石峁遗址以玉器闻名于世。本文以石峁遗址玉器为研究对象,依据现有的石峁遗址的玉器资料,运用考古资料与文献资料相结合的研究方法,对石峁遗址的玉器及所反映的精神文化进行研究。本文本文主要研究的问题有两个,一是将石峁遗址的玉器进行分类,并对其功能进行探讨；二是通过对石峁遗址玉器的研究,探讨其玉器所反映的精神文化,通过玉器这种物质遗存来探讨石峁先民的精神世界。本论文包括六个部分。第一部分是绪论,对选题缘起做一个简单介绍,主要将石峁遗址玉器研究的现状进行梳理,并对本文的研究方法和思路进行概括介绍。第一章是介绍石峁遗址的基本概况,内容包括石峁遗址的地理概况、石峁遗址发现和挖掘的主要历程、石峁玉器概况和石峁遗址的聚落布局等方面。这一章是全面地介绍石峁遗址及其周边,为石峁遗址玉器的研究提供较为全面的背景资料。第二章的内容是石峁玉器的质地和制作工艺。玉器的质地和制作工艺是研究玉器不可回避的的问题,但是由于资料的欠缺和笔者自身知识的有限,这一章的论述只是起一个抛砖引玉的作用,希望以后的学者能够填补这方面的研究空白。第三章是石峁玉器的分类和功能。笔者在这一章中对石峁的玉器进行了全面的梳理,将其分为礼仪用玉、农业生产工具、玉兵器、其他,认为礼仪用玉包括牙璋、玉璧、玉璜和玉琮。礼仪用玉指的是这类玉器专门用于礼天地四方,其本身就是礼器。农业生产工具包括玉铲和玉刀,虽说是农业生产工具,实际上并非实用工具,而是祭祀用具。笔者之所以将其划分为农业生产工具,是因为它本身是农业生产工具,祭祀时所祝祷的内容还是其作为农业工具的功能。玉兵器包括玉钺和玉戈,很明显,这也不是实用工具,而是祭祀用具或礼仪、仪仗用具,使用时象征的是其本身的兵器意义。其他玉器包括璇玑、玉环、侧面玉雕人头像、玉鹰形器、玉配饰和玉箍形器,这些玉器中有大文观测器,有装饰品,有祖先崇拜的象征物,有巫帅做法的礼器等,种类较杂,故划分为其他类别。第四章对石峁遗址玉器文化内涵进行探讨,内容有石峁玉器成品的来源和石峁玉器反映的精神文化观念。要分析石峁遗址玉器的文化内涵,首先要确定石峁玉器成品是石峁本地人们生产的,经过笔者的论证,石峁玉器确系石峁先民生产,并非外来品。玉器反映的精神文化观念是这章的重点,也是本文的重要研究成果之一。笔者认为石峁玉器反映出四大精神文化观念,即祖先崇拜的社会观、太阳崇拜的宗教观、和合统治的政治观、天圆地方的自然观和喜用玉器的重玉观。最后一部分是余论,探讨了石峁城址毁灭的原因,得出是由内部阶层矛盾的激化、外部自然环境恶劣导致的农业减产以及外族入侵的战争等多方面因素的作用,最后导致石峁文明在阶级社会到来之前走向失落。
[Abstract]:Jade is known as the "sacred" in the Neolithic age, widely distributed in various cultural sites, have the honor of offering, etiquette, production tools and decorations, species diversity, Shimao site to jade is well known in the world. The stone ruins of Mao jade as the research object, on the basis of the existing stone mound the ruins of the jade material, the use of research methods of archaeological data in combination with literature data, research on the ruins of Shimao jade and reflects the spirit of culture. This paper mainly studies two issues, one is the site of the Shimao jade classification, and its function are discussed; two is through research the jade stone mound site, explore the jade reflects the spiritual culture, the jade this material remains to explore Shimao the spiritual world of the pioneers. This thesis consists of six parts. The first part is the introduction, make a simple introduction to the topic origin, Mainly summarizes the research status of jade stone hilly site, and the methods and ideas of this research are outlined. The first chapter is the introduction of Shimao sites, including the geography of the Shimao site, the main course of Shimao sites found and mining, settlement layout and other aspects of general situation and Shimao stone ruins Mao jade. This chapter is a comprehensive introduction of Shimao site and its surrounding, to provide background information more comprehensive study for jade Shimao site. The second chapter focuses on the quality and workmanship Shimao jade. Jade texture and workmanship of jade is an unavoidable problem, but because the absence of the information and the author's own limited knowledge, this chapter only plays a valuable role, hope that scholars can fill the gap in this field. The third chapter is the classification and Shimao jade Function. In this chapter the author of Shimao jade conducted a comprehensive analysis, which can be divided into the ritual jade jade, agricultural production tools, weapons, other, think the ritual jade teeth including Zhang, jade, jade and jade Cong Juan. The ritual jade refers to this kind of jade for Li earth Quartet, is itself ritual. Agricultural production tools include jade and jade shovel knife, although it is not actually agricultural production tools, utility, but the reason why the sacrificial utensils. It will be divided into agricultural production tools, because it is agricultural production tools, the blessing ritual content or as agricultural tools the function of jade weapon including jade and jade Yue Ge, obviously, this is not a practical tool, but the sacrificial utensils or ceremonial utensils, etiquette, use is the symbol of the weapon itself. The other side of Yuhuan, including jade Xuanji, jade head, jade The eagle shaped, jade accessories and jade hoop, these jade in China has had observer, decorations, ancestor worship symbols, have the handsome practice ritual, more complex types, it is divided into other categories. The fourth chapter discusses the cultural connotation of jade stone mound sites, the contents of Shimao jade product source and Shimao jade reflect the spiritual and cultural values. To analyze the cultural connotation of jade stone mound sites, we must first determine the Shimao Shimao jade is finished in local people's production, after the demonstration, Shimao Shimao jade is really the ancestors of production, not foreign goods. Jade reflect the spirit of culture is the focus of this chapter, one of the important research results of this paper. The author thinks that also reflects four Shimao jade culture, namely the ancestor worship of the view of society, the worship of the sun's religion, and the domination of the political view, natural view and Tianyuandifang Hi with jade jade view. The last part is the conclusion, discusses the causes of the destruction Shimao, obtained by internal class contradictions, external natural environment caused by poor agricultural production as well as the invasion war and the role of various factors, resulting in the lost civilization Shimao before class society come.

【学位授予单位】：天津师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：K876.8

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