基于地貌与第四纪方法的良渚古城研究

发布时间：2018-01-12 08:13

本文关键词：基于地貌与第四纪方法的良渚古城研究　出处：《华东师范大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：位于杭嘉湖平原西南部的良渚—瓶窑一带是太湖流域良渚文化代表性遗址集中区,2007年发现的良渚古城即位于该区。本文以良渚古城为主要研究对象,在野外调查和采样的基础上,综合运用地貌学和第四纪方法对古城墙(人工堆积)及周边地貌特征开展了一系列研究,初步结论如下： (1)良渚古城四处城墙发掘遗址具有相似的修筑结构,自下而上依次是生土层→垫土层→垫石层→夯土层,反映了古城在整体上的一致性和同时性。其中北城墙遗址保存最为完好,残存墙体高出周边农田近4m；西、南城墙遭受侵蚀,与周围农田齐平。良渚古城地区现代平原面与东苕溪多年平均水位在高程上几乎持平,但比良渚遗址生活面高出1-2m,反映了中全新世以来本区的地貌变化过程。 (2)城墙人工堆积主要指城墙土状堆积,包括夯土层和垫土层。以北城墙为例：夯土层各层以粘土质粉砂为主,粘土、粉砂、砂平均含量分别是33.64%、63.53%和2.84%,磁化率变化范围是10.29-50.43×10-8m3kg-1,平均值为23.35×10-8m3kg-1,有机质含量低,TOC平均值0.29%；垫土层也是粘土质粉砂,粘土、粉砂、砂含量分别是31.3%、66.2%和2.5%,磁化率值为7.46×10-8m3kg-1,有机质含量高,TOC为4.52%。北城墙垫土层颜色深、粘性大,具有较强的粘附性和不透水性,对稳固城墙基底起到了很重要的作用,这与其较高的有机质含量可能有很大关系。 (3)城墙夯土层样品与馒头山样品在粒度组成、粒度概率曲线、磁化率值、TOC、稳定元素和氧化物含量、粘土矿物组合等指标上非常相似,而与平原区土层的③层土和④层土有明显的差别,这表明城墙人工堆积的物质主要来源于附近的自然土丘。而西城墙底部生土层顶和WW1孔生土层顶的标高差异则说明“就近取土”也可能是城墙人工堆积的取材方式之一。 (4)良渚古城修筑的相对年代介于良渚文化时期和黄粉土层形成之间,主要判断依据如下：1)城墙的基底是该区广泛分布的生土层,在遗址区生土层是各类良渚文化遗址的下伏地层,而其在非遗址区其上则覆盖着黄粉土层；2)馒头山、马金口的堆积特征与平原区土层不同,从标高上判断它们在良渚文化时期就已经存在,而馒头山与城墙人工堆积的物源相近,说明当时还存在同类别的土丘作为城墙人工堆积的直接物源；3)北城墙外侧的堆积物从产状和实验指标上判断是城墙墙体在重力和人工营力作用下形成的坡积层,而在其中发现有良渚时期的碎陶片和植物灰烬；4)北城墙坡积层之上覆盖着黄粉土层,再之上则是现代耕作层和历史耕作层,在考古发现在历史耕作层中含有春秋战国时期文物,由此说明良渚古城至少修建于春秋战国之前。
[Abstract]:Liangzhu-Pingyao area located in the southwest of Hangzhou and Jiahu plain is the representative site of Liangzhu culture in Taihu basin. The ancient Liangzhu city discovered in 2007 is located in this area. The main research object of this paper is Liangzhu ancient city. On the basis of field investigation and sampling, a series of studies were carried out on the ancient city wall (artificial accumulation) and its surrounding geomorphological features by using geomorphology and Quaternary methods. The preliminary conclusions are as follows: Liangzhu ancient city wall excavation site has a similar construction structure, from bottom to top is the raw soil layer 鈫扖ushion soil. 鈫扖ushion layer. 鈫扵he rammed earth layer reflects the consistency and synchronism of the ancient city as a whole. The site of the north wall is the best preserved, and the remaining wall is nearly 4m higher than the surrounding farmland. The west and south walls are eroded and level with the surrounding farmland. The average water level of the modern plain and Dongtiaoxi in the ancient city area of Liangzhu is almost equal in elevation, but it is 1-2m higher than that of Liangzhu ruins. It reflects the geomorphologic change process of this area since the Middle Holocene. (2) artificial accumulation of wall mainly refers to the accumulation of soil in the wall, including rammed soil layer and cushion soil layer. To the north of the wall, clay silt is the main layer of rammed soil layer, and clay and silt are the main layers of rammed soil layer. The average content of sand is 33.643.53% and 2.84%, respectively, and the variation range of magnetic susceptibility is 10.29-50.43 脳 10 ~ (-8) m ~ (-3) kg ~ (-1). The average value is 23.35 脳 10 ~ (-8) m ~ (-3) kg ~ (-1) and the average value of TOC is 0.29. The contents of clay silt, clay, silt and sand are 31.36.2% and 2.5 respectively, the magnetic susceptibility is 7.46 脳 10 ~ (-8) m ~ (-3) kg ~ (-1) and the content of organic matter is high. The TOC is 4.52. The soil layer of the north wall is dark in color, large in viscosity, strong in adhesion and impermeability, which plays an important role in stabilizing the base of the wall. This may have much to do with its high organic matter content. (3) the sample of rammed soil layer of the wall is very similar to the sample of steamed bread mountain in terms of granularity composition, probability curve of granularity, magnetic susceptibility value (TOC), stable element and oxide content, clay mineral combination and so on. But there are obvious differences between the three layers of soil and four layers of soil in the plain area. This indicates that the artificially accumulated material of the wall mainly comes from the nearby natural mounds, while the elevation difference between the top of the living soil layer at the bottom of the west wall and the top of the WW1 hole soil layer indicates that "the nearest soil is taken." It may also be one of the ways to collect materials from the artificial accumulation of the walls. 4) the relative age of the ancient Liangzhu city is between the Liangzhu culture period and the formation of the yellow silt soil layer. The main judgment is based on the following: 1) the base of the wall is the widely distributed natural soil layer in this area. The underlying strata of Liangzhu culture sites are the underlying soil layer in the site area, but it is covered with yellow powder soil layer in the non-site area. 2) the accumulation characteristics of mantou mountain and Majingkou are different from that of plain soil layer. Judging from elevation, they already existed in Liangzhu culture period, but the source of manmade accumulation between steamed bread mountain and wall was similar. At that time, there were also the same types of mounds as the direct source of artificial accumulation of the wall; 3) the accumulation outside the north wall is the slope layer formed by gravity and artificial force, and there are broken pottery and plant ash in Liangzhu period. 4) the north wall slope is covered with yellow silt layer, and on the top is the modern plough layer and the historical ploughing layer. In the archaeological discovery, there are cultural relics of the Spring and Autumn and warring States period in the historical tilling layer. This shows that Liangzhu ancient city at least built before the Spring and Autumn warring States.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K878;P931

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