甲骨卜辞中梦研究

发布时间：2018-02-09 18:28

本文关键词： 梦字王卜辞非王卜辞　出处：《河北师范大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：殷墟甲骨卜辞中的梦字,共有28个,大致分为三类:强调眉目造型的梦字,强调身躯各部位扭曲的梦字,强调汗水涔涔的梦字。王卜辞中的梦卜辞共213条,依据梦象可以分为九大类,这九大类是:(1)、人物类;(2)、自然现象类;(3)、行为活动类;(4)、实物类;(5)、疾病类;(6)、灾异类;(7)、飞禽走兽类;(8)、鬼梦类;(9)、其他类。非王卜辞中的梦卜辞共30条,依据梦象共分为五类,这五类分别是:(1)、人物类;(2)、禳梦类;(3)、鬼梦类;(4)、不可识字类;(5)、其他类。商人的占卜方式,分正面贞问与反面贞问两种。但无论是反面贞问,还是正面贞问,都反映了商人不是只有凶梦观,还存在吉梦观。王卜辞中梦的占卜主体是王。这些王卜辞中的梦反映了商代社会各方面的情况,政治方面:王权集中的程度不高,王对臣的依赖还很重,尤其是身边近臣;从武丁到帝辛,奴隶暴动一直存在,成为导致商灭亡的内在原因之一;战争发生的频率很高。信仰方面:祖先、已故先人以及鬼是导致商王日常做梦的原因之一;鬼与殷人崇拜的祖先神是一体的,作为祖先神代称的“鬼”,其作用不仅是保佑王,也降灾祸于王。生活方面:商代晚期妻妾贵贱之分的观念尚处于萌芽状态;当时人们对疾病种类的划分已很精细;饮食结构不合理,生活水平、医疗水平落后。祭祀方面:商晚期举行祭祀的种类有御祭、舌祭、雍祭、鼓祭等多种类型;丁人可能是举行人祭时所用人牲来源之一;殷人具有强烈的宝玉观念,对玉的使用极其讲究,可能存在用玉祭天的情况。农牧业方面:商晚期已拥有较丰富的农作物种类;畜牧业、家畜业已具备了较高的水平,且物种较齐全。心理方面:商人不仅有凶梦,还有吉梦,并且吉梦观逐渐趋于成熟;当时梦作为一种潜意识已经表现出与身体感官变化之间的密切关系。非王卜辞中梦的占卜主体是子。这些非王卜辞中的梦反应了商晚期贵族阶层的社会生活状况,人物关系方面:经常出现在子梦境中的祖先多为其直系祖先,很少有王的祖先;“丁”可能为武丁,也有可能为死去的丁,与子可能是父子关系;妣庚和子可能是祖孙关系; (?)可能为子集团里活着的重要人物或者为已故的祖先。祭祀方面:“告梦”是子十分注重的一种祭祀仪式,在非王卜辞的梦卜辞中,告梦占有很大的比例。信仰方面:子认为鬼是自己祖先的化身,认为鬼梦带来灾祸,所以举行禳梦仪式,以求保佑。王与非王卜辞中的梦及其反映的问题存在诸多相同点:一、王与非王卜辞中的梦卜辞绝大多数属于武丁时期。二、二者的梦观相同,除了都有凶梦观,还都存在吉梦观,并且吉梦观逐渐趋于成熟。三、二者都存在人物、鬼怪等梦象。王与非王卜辞中的梦及其反映的问题存在诸多不同:一、王与非王卜辞中的梦卜辞数量差距悬殊。王卜辞中的梦卜辞不仅数量大,而且种类多。而非王卜辞中的梦卜辞数量既小,种类又少。二、王拥有庞大的占卜机构和贞人集团,而子虽然也有占卜机构与贞人,但其规模和数量与王相比,都要小得多、少得多。三、王与子所关心的事情不同。王关心的多是政治、军事等诸方面较高层次的国家大事,而且范围较大。与之相反,子关心的事情主要是层次较低的生活方面,且多是家族内部的事情。四、王与子拥有各自独立的祭祀系统。五、非王卜辞中的禳梦形式——告祭是祭祀的主体,但王卜辞中的禳梦形式是以配祭的方式出现的。王与非王卜辞中梦及其反应的问题,无论相同方面,还是不同方面,都使我们对于商晚期社会状况与思想的认识,较之前人更深入了一步。
[Abstract]:The oracle bones in the dream, a total of 28, roughly divided into three categories: such as the shape of emphasizing the dream words, emphasizing different parts of the body twisted dream words, stressed the sweat dream word.
Wang dream inscriptions were 213, on the basis of dream can be divided into nine categories, these nine categories are: (1), (2), character; natural phenomena; (3), activities; (4), material; (5), disease (6); that kind of calamity; (7), the birds go mammals; (8), the ghost dream; (9), other classes.
Non Wang dream inscriptions were 30, on the basis of dreaming is divided into five categories, the five categories are: (1), character; (2), let the dream; (3), the ghost dream; (4), no literacy class, other classes (5);.
There are two ways of divination of merchants. They are divided into positive and negative questions. However, whether they are negative questions or positive questions, they all reflect that businessmen are not only fierce dreams, but also exist in their dreams.
In Wang inscriptions dream divination is the subject of the king. These dreams in Wang inscriptions reflect various aspects of the society, politics: the crown concentration degree is not high, Wang Duichen's dependence is also very heavy, especially one side; from Wuding to di Xin, slave revolt has always existed, as one of the internal causes taking the demise of the war; the frequency is very high. Faith: ancestors, deceased ancestors and ghosts is one of the leading causes of Wang's dreams; the ghost and the Yin people worship of ancestor god is one, as the ancestor god on behalf of the "ghost", its role is not only to bless the king, evil to the king life: the late Shang Dynasty wives the concept is still in the bud; when people divide the types of diseases has been very fine; unreasonable diet structure, living standard, medical level backward. Sacrifice type of late Shang sacrifices the imperial sacrifices, tongue Ji Yong, offering Drum Festival and other types; America may be held at the sacrifice of human sacrifice of yin; people have a strong sense of the concept of use of jade jade, jade is extremely exquisite, there may be a heaven. Farming and animal husbandry: Shang period have crop species rich; animal husbandry livestock, has a higher level, and the species is complete. The psychological aspect: businessmen not only have bad dream, dream and dream and Kyrgyzstan, Kyrgyzstan concept gradually mature; the dream as a subconscious has shown a close relationship with the sensory changes of the body.
Non Wang bones dream divination is the main promoter. These non Wang inscriptions in the dream reflects the social life in late Shang aristocracy, the relationship between the characters: often appear in the sub dream ancestors for their immediate ancestors, little Wang De ancestors; "Ding" may be Wuding, it is also possible for the dead Ding, and may be the relationship between father and son; the son is probably Geng and their relations; (?) important person might live in sub group or for the deceased ancestors. Sacrifice: "tell the dream" is an important sacrificial ceremony for Zi, Wang Bu speech in non dream inscriptions. Dream to account for a large proportion of faith: that the ghost is the embodiment of their ancestors, that ghost dream bring disaster, so they held a ceremony to dream, bless.
King and no dreams in Wang inscriptions and the problems of many similarities: a king and no king dream inscriptions belong to the vast majority of Wuding period. Two, two people have the same dream view, in addition to the view of hideous dreams, there are dreams and dream Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyzstan view, outlook gradually become mature. Three two, there are people, ghosts like a dream.
There is a king and no king of the oracle inscriptions and the problems reflected in many different dream: a dream divination of the gap between the number of king and no king of the oracle inscriptions disparity. Wang dream inscriptions not only quantity, but also many kinds. Rather than the number of Wang dream inscriptions only small species and less. Two, Wang Yong has a huge the divination mechanism and a group of Ching, and although there are institutions and Ching divination, but its size and quantity compared with the king, are much smaller and much less. Three, the king and son concern. The king is more concerned about the political, military and other aspects of a higher level of state affairs moreover, a larger range. On the contrary, the main thing is concerned about the low level of life, mostly within the family. In four, king and son have their own separate sacrificial system. Five, non Wang inscriptions in the form of Xiang Meng - is the main part of sacrifice, but in Wang inscriptions let the dream Form appears in the way of offering sacrifices.
Dream and reaction in Wang inscriptions king and no problems, no matter the same, or different, make our understanding of late Shang social status and ideology, deeper than previous step.

【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K877.1

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