沈阳地区辽墓初探

发布时间：2018-02-12 06:08

本文关键词： 辽墓形制类型分期　出处：《辽宁师范大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：几十年来沈阳市区清理了大批辽代墓葬，其出土遗物丰富，并发现有具明确纪年的辽墓，为辽代考古研究积累了丰富资料。本文在以往考古发现与前人研究的基础上，把近年来沈阳地区配合基本建设发掘的辽代墓葬材料进行爬梳，并将几十年来已发表的辽墓材料进行整理，对沈阳地区辽代墓葬的分区、类型、年代等问题进行初步的研究。现今沈阳地区包括市区以及下辖的各郊区、县（市），总面积约1.3万平方公里。从公元10世纪开始，，这一地区全部被纳入辽朝版图。众多辽墓的发现与发掘对于沈阳地区辽墓的综合性研究创造了条件，本篇论文就是在收集整理沈阳地区辽墓资料的基础上，对沈阳地区辽墓的区域划分、年代断定、制度等级以及出土文物等方面进行初步探讨。辽河下游将沈阳全境一分为二。以辽河为界，不难看出下辽河东西部地区辽墓总体上呈现出不同的面貌特征。西区的地理范围包括康平、法库、新民等地；东区墓葬则在沈阳市区中多有发现。根据墓葬建筑材料的种类，以及形制结构的不同，大体可以划分为类屋式墓、类椁式墓两大类，两大类中又根据正室、耳室的形状与多寡分为几个亚型。葬具葬式方面，在西区中见有夫妇合葬墓，方向多为东西向；东区中比较特殊的是出现火葬墓。出土遗物方面，瓷器经过隋唐大发展，技工窑艺更趋完善成熟；从器形演变来看，契丹族既保存了民族特点，又可以看出吸收汉族文化的特性；装饰品中不乏精品，冠饰、项饰、手镯等大放异彩；兵器马具作为契丹民族日常生活中不可缺少的一部分，在制作方面也极为讲究，出土的马具、车马装饰品充分体现了契丹人“尚武爱马”的民族性格；墓葬中出土的铜镜、铁器等生产生活用具，不仅让我们看到了辽代冶矿业的发达，同时也让我们看到了契丹族的独特风格与汉族传统工艺的完美结合。在关于沈阳地区辽墓的思考中，本人提出几个观点：关于等级划分。从规模和随葬品情况判断，主墓室的大小，往往与墓葬的整体规模、形制等相对应，也是衡量墓葬等级的重要依据。本文将沈阳地区辽墓划分为六个等级。关于分布特征。西区与整个辽西地区的总体面貌特征基本一致，体现了契丹式墓葬的文化内涵；东区汉式墓的特征明显区别于西区，体现了汉式墓葬的文化内涵。关于发展演变。当时辽宁地区可以说是北方两大辽墓区的交汇地。从部分墓葬来看，也体现了沈阳地区墓葬的扩散过程。
[Abstract]:In the past decades, a large number of tombs of Liao Dynasty have been cleared up in Shenyang urban area, and abundant relics have been unearthed, and the Liao tombs with definite chronology have been found, which have accumulated rich data for the archaeological research of Liao Dynasty. This paper is based on the previous archaeological discoveries and previous studies. The graveyard materials of Liao Dynasty which were excavated in Shenyang in recent years with capital construction were combed, and the published materials of Liao Dynasty tomb in recent decades were sorted out, and the partition, type and age of Liao Dynasty tombs in Shenyang area were studied preliminarily. Today's Shenyang area includes the urban area and the suburbs under its jurisdiction. The county (city) covers a total area of about 13,000 square kilometers. Since 10th century, The discovery and excavation of many Liao tombs have created conditions for the comprehensive study of Liao tombs in Shenyang. This paper is based on the collection and collation of Liao tombs in Shenyang. This paper makes a preliminary discussion on the division of Liao tombs in Shenyang area, the determination of age, the grade of system and the cultural relics unearthed. The lower reaches of Liaohe divide the whole territory of Shenyang into two parts. Taking Liaohe River as the boundary, it is not difficult to see that the Liao Tombs in the east and west of the Lower Liaohe River have different features in general. The geographical scope of the Western region includes Kangping, Faku, Xinmin and so on. Eastern tombs are found in Shenyang. According to the types of materials used in the construction of tombs and the different shapes and structures, they can be divided into two categories: the house type tombs, the outer coffin type tombs, and the shape and number of ear chambers in the two kinds of tombs can be divided into several subtypes. In the western region, there are couples buried together, mostly in the direction of east-west; in the eastern part of the region, a cremation tomb appears in a special way. In terms of unearthed relics, after the great development of the Sui and Tang dynasties, the workmanship of the workmanship became more mature and matured; from the perspective of the evolution of the shape of the apparatus, The Qidan people have not only preserved their national characteristics, but also seen the characteristics of absorbing Han culture; there are many fine ornaments, crowns, necklaces, bracelets, etc.; weapons and horses are an indispensable part of the daily life of the Qidan people. In terms of production, the horses and horses unearthed fully reflected the Qidan people's national character of "martial arts and loving horses"; the bronze mirrors and iron articles unearthed in the tombs were used in production and living appliances. Not only did we see the development of mining industry in Liao Dynasty, but also the unique style of Qidan nationality and the perfect combination of Han traditional craftsmanship. In the thinking of Liao Tomb in Shenyang area, I put forward several viewpoints:. Judging from the scale and the condition of the burial objects, the size of the main tomb often corresponds to the overall size and shape of the tomb, which is also an important basis for evaluating the graveyard grade. In this paper, the Liao tombs in Shenyang area are divided into six grades. As to the distribution characteristics, the overall features of the western region and the whole western Liaoning region are basically the same, which reflects the cultural connotation of Qidan-style tombs; the Eastern region is obviously different from the western region of the characteristics of Han tombs, reflecting the cultural connotation of Han type tombs. At that time, Liaoning was the intersection of the two major Liao tombs in the north. From the point of view of some tombs, it also reflected the spreading process of the tombs in Shenyang.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：K878.8

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