数字近景摄影测量在秦始皇陵百戏坑考古中的应用研究

发布时间：2018-02-15 23:09

本文关键词： 数字近景摄影测量田野考古文物制图正射影像图　出处：《文物保护与考古科学》2014年02期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：既要保留遗迹在不同阶段的信息资料,又不影响发掘研究工作的继续进行,一直是考古工作者探索研究的问题。为配合秦始皇陵百戏俑坑的考古发掘工作,为后续考古研究和文物遗迹的保护提供必要的基础信息资料,针对大场景考古发掘现场,通过数字全站仪对文物挖掘现场布设的一定数量控制点进行观测获取其三维点位坐标。利用非量测数码相机获取现场多航带序列影像,通过数码相机检校、自动空中三角测量、影像特征提取与影像匹配、数字微分纠正等数字近景摄影测量方法,获取反映发掘现场文物分布情况的数字高程模型(DEM)和正射影像(DOM)数据。在生成的正射影像图上进行文物轮廓线条的提取,获得发掘现场文物的正射投影矢量图。实现文物位置、形状及分布的平面量测。实验证明:该方法不仅可大面积、快速获取文物挖掘现场文物分布的正射投影平面图,实现考古数字制图,而且能保证一定的精度。具有较高的推广应用价值。
[Abstract]:In order to cooperate with the archaeological excavations of the Qin Shihuang Mausoleum, it is necessary to retain the information materials of the relics at different stages without affecting the continuation of the excavation work, which has always been an issue for archaeologists to explore and study. To provide necessary basic information for subsequent archaeological research and the protection of cultural relics, and for large-scale archaeological excavations, Through the digital total station to observe a certain number of control points in the site of cultural relic excavation, the coordinates of the 3D points are obtained. Using the non-measuring digital camera to obtain the sequence images of the scene multi-zone, the digital camera is used to check and calibrate, and automatic aerial triangulation is carried out. Image feature extraction and image matching, digital differential correction and other digital close-range photogrammetry methods, The digital elevation model (DEM) and orthophoto DOM) data are obtained to reflect the distribution of cultural relics at the excavation site. The contour lines of cultural relics are extracted from the generated orthophoto images, and the orthographic projection vector images of excavated cultural relics are obtained. The experimental results show that this method can not only obtain the orthographic projection plan of the cultural relic distribution on the site of excavating cultural relic quickly, but also realize the archaeological digital cartography. And it can guarantee certain precision. It has high value of popularization and application.
【作者单位】：西安科技大学测绘科学与技术学院;武汉大学测绘遥感信息工程国家重点实验室;秦始皇帝陵博物院;
【基金】：陕西省自然科学基金资助(2010JM5009) 秦始皇帝陵博物院2010年度课题资助秦始皇帝陵博物院2011年度课题资助
【分类号】：K878

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