敦煌莫高窟保护区洪水预测预防研究

发布时间：2018-03-05 13:33

本文选题：大泉河　切入点：洪水预测　出处：《西安科技大学学报》2017年02期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：敦煌莫高窟保护区所在区域气候极为干旱,但受到早年多次洪水影响,致使洞窟潮湿、壁画霉变、酥碱,对国家重点文物保护造成极大威胁,因此通过窟前大泉河洪水预测的研究,分析和预测不同降水条件下的莫高窟库前洪水流量,进一步合理制定洪水防范措施和风险预警体系,对保障莫高窟文物安全具有重要的实际意义。通过对莫高窟保护区实地考察和流域特征分析,选择短缺流量资料地区比较适宜的瞬时单位线法,分别测算出大泉河野马山、一百四戈壁和三危山50 a,100 a,500 a一遇的洪水流量,以此为基预测2种不同降雨情形下的洪水流量。(1)当降雨从上段野马山区开始,依次向中段、下段移动时,50 a,100 a,500 a一遇降水流经大泉河莫高窟前断面的洪水流量分别为230,463,757 m3/s;(2)当全流域同时降雨时,50 a,100 a,500 a一遇降水流经大泉河莫高窟前断面的洪水流量分别为230,330和510 m3/s.并通过实际发生的2次百年一遇的洪水的洪峰流量和气象条件与测算数值进行比对,印证预测结果可信。同时,为了提高莫高窟抵御洪水风险的能力,确保莫高窟文物安全,防患于未然,进一步提出了建立健全流域降水和洪水监测体系、开展大泉河防护性工程建设、降雨洪水预警体系建设和石窟作防雨防渗等措施的建议,以便有效预防洪水,切实保障莫高窟安全。
[Abstract]:The climate in the area of the Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes was extremely dry, but affected by many floods in the early years, the caves were damp, murals mildew, and alkalinity, which posed a great threat to the protection of the state's key cultural relics. Therefore, through the study of flood prediction in Qiandaquan River, the flood discharge in front of Mogao Grottoes under different precipitation conditions is analyzed and forecasted, and flood prevention measures and risk early warning system are further rationally formulated. It is of great practical significance to ensure the safety of the cultural relics in Mogao Grottoes. Through the field investigation and the analysis of the watershed characteristics of the Mogao Grottoes, the instantaneous unit line method, which is suitable for the areas with short discharge data, is selected to calculate the Daquan Heye Ma Shan, respectively. 140 Gobi and Sanwei Mountain 50 a ~ 100 a ~ (500) a flood discharge, based on which the flood discharge under two different rainfall conditions is predicted. (1) when the rainfall starts from the Mustang Mountain area of the upper section, it moves to the middle section in turn. The flood discharge of the section in front of the Mogao Grottoes of the Daquan River is 230,463,757 m3 / s ~ (2)) when the whole basin is raining at the same time, the flood discharge of the section before passing through the Mogao Grottoes of the Daquan River is 50 a ~ 100 a ~ (100) a / 500 a once in the course of the moving of the lower section of the basin. The flood discharge of the section before passing through the Mogao Grottoes of the Daquan River is as follows. 230,330 and 510m3 / s. Hong Feng's discharge and meteorological conditions were compared with the calculated values through two actual floods that occurred once in 100 years. At the same time, in order to improve the ability of the Mogao Grottoes to resist flood risks, to ensure the safety of the cultural relics of the Mogao grottoes, and to prevent accidents in the early stages, it is further proposed to establish and improve the monitoring system of precipitation and flood in the watershed. In order to effectively prevent flood and ensure the safety of Mogao Grottoes, the construction of protective engineering of Daquan River, the construction of rainwater flood warning system and the prevention of rain and seepage by the grottoes are suggested in order to effectively prevent flood and ensure the safety of Mogao Grottoes.
【作者单位】：兰州大学资源环境学院;甘肃省环境应急与事故调查中心;敦煌研究院;
【基金】：科技部支撑项目(2013BAK01B01)
【分类号】：K879.21;TV87

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