郑州东赵遗址炭化植物遗存记录的夏商时期农业特征及其发展过程

发布时间：2018-03-12 21:53

本文选题：东赵遗址　切入点：浮选　出处：《人类学学报》2017年01期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：本文通过对郑州东赵遗址2013~2014年度考古发掘采集土样的浮选分析,获取了该遗址新砦、二里头、二里岗三个不同时期丰富的炭化植物遗存,其中炭化植物种子主要包括粟、黍、水稻、小麦和大豆五种农作物以及狗尾草属、稗属和马唐属等不同种属的杂草种子等。对遗址不同阶段炭化农作物及典型田间杂草遗存的量化分析结果显示,东赵遗址自新砦期至二里岗期的农业生产始终保持着以种植粟、黍为主的特点,大豆是该遗址先民稳定的食物来源之一,而水稻在整个农业经济结构中的比重一直很低。值得注意的是,从新砦期至二里岗期,粟、黍两种旱地作物在东赵遗址农业经济中的比重不断上升,而先民的旱地田间管理技术也随之取得了明显的进步。小麦的种植始于遗址二里头文化期,至二里岗期时迅速发展,成为当时先民重要的农作物品种之一。东赵遗址炭化植物遗存分析结果为了解夏代早期至商代前期中原核心区域农业经济的特点及其发展过程提供了重要资料,对探索中国国家起源与早期发展阶段农业经济技术发展状况及其与文明演进的关系有重要意义。
[Abstract]:Based on the flotation analysis of soil samples collected from the 2013 ~ 3 archaeological excavation of Dongzhao site in Zhengzhou in 2014, this paper has obtained three abundant carbonized plant remains in Xinzhai, Erlitou and Erligang in different periods, in which the seeds of carbonized plants mainly include millet and millet. Five crops such as rice, wheat and soybean, as well as weed seeds of different genera, such as Cucurium, Paspalum and Cortex, etc. The results of quantitative analysis of carbonized crops at different stages of the site and the remains of typical weeds in the field show that, The agricultural production of Dongzhao site from Xinzhai period to Erligang period has always maintained the characteristics of planting millet and millet. Soybean is one of the stable food sources for the ancestors of the site. The proportion of rice in the whole agricultural economic structure has been very low. It is worth noting that from the Xinzhai period to the Erligang period, millet and millet dry land crops have been increasing in the agricultural economy of Dongzhao ruins. The techniques of land management in the dryland areas of the ancestors also made remarkable progress. The cultivation of wheat began in the period of Erlitou Culture at the site, and developed rapidly during the period of Erligang. The analysis of carbonized plant remains at Dongzhao site provides important information for understanding the characteristics and development process of the agricultural economy in the core areas of the Central Plains from the early Xia Dynasty to the early Shang Dynasty. It is of great significance to explore the development of agricultural economy and technology and its relationship with the evolution of civilization in China's national origin and early stage of development.
【作者单位】：中国科学技术大学科技史与科技考古系;郑州市文物考古研究院;
【基金】：国家重大科学研究计划项目(2015CB953802) 教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目(15YJA780003) 国家自然科学基金项目(41472148、41502164) 郑州市文物考古研究院的资助
【分类号】：Q914.2+2

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