从汝窑、修内司窑和郊坛窑的技术传承看宋代瓷业的发展

发布时间：2018-03-14 20:33

本文选题：宋瓷　切入点：汝窑　出处：《辽宁师范大学》2010年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 宋代制瓷业在中国古代瓷业发展史上占有重要地位。其突破了唐代“南青北白”的瓷业发展布局,形成了窑系林立,产品多样的繁盛景象。其中尤以汝窑、修内司窑和郊坛窑三个窑口最具代表性。这三个窑口在技术上存在着传承的关系。在胎釉结构上,修内司窑和郊坛窑继承了汝窑使用石灰碱性乳浊釉的传统,烧制出了玉质感强烈的瓷器。在器类器型上,修内司窑和郊坛窑除了继续烧制生活用器,还根据皇室祭祀的需要,烧制了大量的仿古代铜质礼器形制的瓷器。在窑炉结构上,修内司窑和郊坛窑也继承了汝窑的马蹄形窑炉形制,并在此基础之上,根据当地的地形条件和烧瓷传统,使用了龙窑形制的窑炉。在装烧方式上发展了汝窑以支烧为主的方式,并根据新技术的发展需要,合理使用支烧和垫烧的装烧工艺。此外,汝窑不同于同时代的定窑、耀州窑的“贡窑”性质,也不同于修内司窑和郊坛窑完全的“官窑”属性,是从民窑到官窑转型的一个过渡性窑口。用料讲究,窑炉结构合理,瓷坯素烧技术的使用均体现出汝窑的生产确实受到了官府的介入,具有一定的官窑属性。而修内司窑和郊坛窑的情况则完全不同,其所产瓷器中有大量的祭祀礼器,这些礼器只在重大的典礼上方会使用,民间不可能流通,这就凸显出两个窑口的官窑属性。因此从汝窑到郊坛窑的传递实质上也是官窑制度逐步发展成熟的过程。官窑瓷器代表了当时烧制技术的最高水平,这其中也凝结了窑工们的智慧结晶。在促进官窑品质提高的同时也促进了民窑的技术进步,从而为宋代瓷业的整体繁荣奠定了坚实的基础。
[Abstract]:The porcelain industry of Song Dynasty occupies an important position in the development history of Chinese ancient porcelain industry. It broke through the development layout of porcelain industry in the Tang Dynasty "Southern Qing and Northern White", and formed a prosperous scene of kiln system and various products, especially the Yu kiln. Xionesi and Jiudan kilns are the most representative of the three kilns, which have a technical heritage. In terms of the glaze structure, Xionesi and Jiudan kilns have inherited the tradition of using lime alkaline opacified glaze in the Ruyao kiln. Porcelain with strong jade texture was produced. In the ware type, Xionesi Kiln and Jiao Tan Kiln, in addition to continuing to burn appliances for daily use, also burned a large number of porcelain similar to ancient copper ceremonial objects according to the needs of royal sacrifices. In the structure of the kiln, Xionesi and Jiudan kilns also inherited the horseshoe shape of the Ruyao kiln, and on this basis, according to the local terrain conditions and the porcelain burning tradition, the kiln with the shape of the long kiln was used. In addition, the Yu kiln is different from the contemporary Ding kiln, the Yaizhou kiln's "tribute kiln" property, and the complete "official kiln" attribute of Xiuenshi kiln and Jiao Tan kiln, according to the development needs of the new technology. It is a transitional kiln entrance in the transition from the civilian kiln to the official kiln. The use of materials, the reasonable structure of the kiln, and the use of porcelain billet burning technology all reflect that the production of the Ru kiln has indeed been involved by the government. It has certain attributes of official kilns. The situation of Xionesi Kiln and Jiao Tan Kiln is completely different. There are a large number of sacrificial ritual utensils in the porcelain they produce, which will only be used at the top of major ceremonies, and it is impossible for the people to circulate. This highlights the attributes of the two kilns. Therefore, the transfer from the Ruyao kiln to the Jiao Tan kiln is, in essence, a process in which the official kiln system gradually developed and matured. The official kiln porcelain represented the highest level of firing technology at that time. It also condensed the wisdom of kiln workers. It not only promoted the quality of official kilns, but also promoted the technological progress of civilian kilns, which laid a solid foundation for the overall prosperity of porcelain industry in Song Dynasty.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K876.3

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