甘肃临潭磨沟墓地人骨研究

发布时间：2018-03-17 07:43

本文选题：体质人类学　切入点：磨沟墓地　出处：《吉林大学》2013年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：磨沟墓地位于甘南地区的洮河流域，从地理位置上来看，此地西通新疆，东连关中，北接大漠，是中原地区与少数民族地区的交接地域，是农业文化与游牧文化的结合部。大量的考古和人类学的证据证明，在秦汉以前，新疆地区便生活有西方高加索人种的居民，其东界临的黄河流域自古即为蒙古人种居民繁衍生息之地。而且齐家文化时期是甘青地区新石器时代与青铜时代的过渡时期，这一时期的考古学文化以及经济生产方式都发生了较大的变化。这样的地理位置、时间段以及周邻地区的古代种族环境，使得对磨沟墓地古代居民种族属性的研究具有十分重要的意义。本文运用人口学、人种学、测量学、古病理学和营养学等多种科学方法及手段，对磨沟墓地古代居民的骨骼标本进行了综合性研究。结果表明，磨沟墓地中的齐家文化和寺洼文化居民在体质特征上一脉相承，共同组成了磨沟居民，其从颅骨形态上看属于亚洲蒙古人种范畴，与现代亚洲蒙古人种中的东亚类型十分接近。依托体质人类学的研究手段并结合考古学上的发现，作者对磨沟组居民尤其是占主体的齐家文化居民的来源和流向进行了分析，认为其在“古西北类型”中处于承上启下的位置，承袭甘青地区新石器时代居民的体质特征，对后来的青铜时代文化居民尤其是寺洼文化、四坝文化和辛店文化居民体质特征上产生了重要影响，，并且可能向东影响到关中地区、内蒙古中南部地区和中原地区古代居民的体质特征。在此基础上，作者认为甘青地区古代居民对以北方汉族为典型代表的现代华北居民的历史形成做出了重要的遗传学贡献。
[Abstract]:The maogou cemetery is located in the Taohe River basin in Gannan region. From a geographical point of view, this area connects Xinjiang to the west, Guanzhong to the east and the desert to the north, which is the junction area between the Central Plains and the minority areas. It is the combination of agricultural culture and nomadic culture. A great deal of archaeological and anthropological evidence proves that before the Qin and Han dynasties, there were residents of Western Caucasians living in Xinjiang. Since ancient times, the Yellow River Valley near the eastern boundary of the Yellow River has been the place where the Mongolians lived. Moreover, the period of Qijia Culture was the transitional period between the Neolithic Age and the Bronze Age in the Ganqing region. Great changes have taken place in archaeological culture and economic production during this period. It is of great significance to study the racial attribute of ancient inhabitants in Mogou cemetery. In this paper, the bone specimens of the ancient inhabitants of Mogou cemetery were studied by using various scientific methods and means, such as demography, ethnography, surveying, paleopathology and nutrition. The inhabitants of Qijia culture and Siwa culture in Mogou graveyard are closely related to each other in their physique characteristics and form the inhabitants of Mogou, which belong to the category of Asian Mongolian people from the aspect of skull shape, and are very close to the East Asian type of modern Asian Mongolian race. Based on the research methods of physical anthropology and archaeological findings, the author analyzes the origin and direction of the Mogou group residents, especially the Qijia culture residents, who are the main members of the group. It is considered that it is in the position of connecting the past and the following in the "Ancient Northwest Type", and inherits the physique characteristics of the Neolithic residents in Ganqing area, and the later Bronze Age culture residents, especially the Siwa culture. The physical characteristics of residents of Siba culture and Xindian culture have had an important influence on the physical characteristics of ancient residents in Guanzhong region, central and southern Inner Mongolia and Central Plains. The author believes that the ancient inhabitants of Ganqing area have made important genetic contributions to the formation of modern North China residents, who are represented by the Han nationality in the north.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：Q981;K878.8

【引证文献】