中原地区商代中期青铜礼器研究

发布时间：2018-03-22 17:08

本文选题：中原地区　切入点：商代中期　出处：《陕西师范大学》2010年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 商代中期处于我国历史文化上的大变革时期,其中原地区先进的青铜礼器文化对中华民族以后的宗教、祭祀仪式都有着深远的影响。同时中原地区先进的祭祀文化对早期国家的形成,社会的组织形式,生产方式的变革都起着决定性作用。因此对商代中期青铜礼器的研究,是打开商代祭祀文化的一把“金钥匙”。建国以来,全国各地出土商代中期的青铜礼器有数百件之多,器类较为丰富。如何利用这些青铜礼器及其相关资料,建立起中原地区商代中期青铜礼器的基本年代框架,理清其演变的规律和时代特征,进而对商代中期青铜祭祀仪式、青铜祭奠仪式等多方面进行更深层次的研究,已经成为殷商青铜礼器以及商代祭祀研究的一项重要课题。本文主要由四个部分构成,在对青铜礼器的形制、分期、断代、演变、组合、纹饰、时代特征等方面总结的基础上,重点对青铜器窖藏以及青铜墓葬出土的青铜礼器从自身容积、精美程度、组合关系、新器型、新器类等方面分析研究,进而探讨中原地区商代中期青铜礼器的祭祀规律。第一部分,绪论。对中原地区商代中期时空概念以及研究现状、研究意义、研究目的、研究方法等几个方面作简单的介绍。第二部分,中原地区商代中期青铜礼器的分析。这部分由三个小部分组成。一是资料的介绍,把商代中期出土的青铜礼器按照出土单位分为青铜器窖藏、青铜墓葬和其他单位三种形式。二是对中原地区商代中期能够收录到青铜礼器(可以肯定是商代中期,但作为传世品和没有明确出土地的青铜礼器仅为参考)进行形制的分析。三是对中原地区商代中期的青铜礼器进行分期；对其绝对年代进行推测；对其分期的相关问题进行探讨。第三部分,中原地区商代中期青铜“祭祀”仪式的分析。这部分由四个小部分组成。一是新器型对祭祀的影响。通过对中原地区商代中期各生活遗址出土陶器的分析,寻找哪些陶器最终被仿制成青铜礼器,看其被铜器仿制的先后顺序。二是青铜器窖藏中出土青铜礼器反映出的祭祀仪式。对青铜器窖藏出土的青铜礼器进行前后对比,分析青铜礼器在祭祀仪式中的变化特点。三是青铜墓葬出土青铜礼器所反映的祭奠仪式。分别对比商代中期前段和后段中、小型墓葬里出土的青铜礼器;前、后两段中型墓葬出土的青铜礼器,小型墓葬出土的青铜礼器,分析商代中期祭奠仪式的特点。四是器物组合的关系。祭祀仪式与祭奠仪式的各自特点、相互之间的影响等等问题。第四部分,结语。通过以上对中原地区商代中期青铜礼器分析,得出相关的结论。通过科学系统地对商代中期青铜礼器的分析,我们发现中原地区商代中期是我国祭祀文化器物大发展的重要时期之一。青铜礼器从种类、器型、纹饰、铭文、精美程度、组合关系以及陶铜互相仿制等各个方面都有着巨大的变化。同时青铜祭祀文化主要以食器为主,辅之以酒水器,青铜祭奠文化主要以酒水器为主,辅之以食器。据此推断,青铜祭祀仪式是以单个器物的容积变化、精美程度结合音乐、舞蹈等对仪式进行指向和控制,以达到仪式过程增长的目的；青铜祭奠仪式是以器物的数量增多、组合变化结合声音、服饰等对仪式进行指向和控制,以达到仪式过程增长的目的。总之,在商代中期青铜礼器种类的增多、新器型的产生、容积的增大与纹饰的精美等等,都是青铜祭祀、祭奠仪式过程繁冗的节奏点。
[Abstract]:In the mid period of great change in China's history and culture, the advanced culture of the original area of bronze of the Chinese nation after the religious ritual, have a profound impact. At the same time, the Central Plains region of the sacrifice culture of early state formation, social organization, the transformation of the mode of production plays a decisive role. So the research on bronze wares in Shang Dynasty, the Shang Dynasty sacrificial culture is to open a "golden key".
Since the founding of the country, the Shang Dynasty unearthed bronze wares in hundreds of pieces, which is more abundant. How to use these bronze wares and related information, establish the Central Plains region of Shang Dynasty bronze wares in basic framework, rules and characteristics of the times to sort out the evolution of the Shang Dynasty, and middle bronze ritual bronze memorial ceremony. So on a deeper level, has become the bronze of Shang Dynasty and worship of an important topic. This paper mainly consists of four parts, in the bronze shape, stage, dating, evolution, combination, decoration, based on summing up the character of the era, focusing on the hoard of bronze and bronze the bronze wares unearthed from the tombs from its volume, fine degree, combination, new type of new type, etc., and then discusses the Central Plains area in the middle Shang Qing Worship law of bronze ritual vessels.
The first part is the introduction. It briefly introduces the concept and research status, significance, purpose and methods of the mid Shang Dynasty.
The second part, analysis of the bronze wares in Shang Dynasty, the Central Plains area in the middle. This part consists of three parts. One is the introduction of materials, the Shang Dynasty unearthed bronze wares unearthed in a unit for the hoard of bronze, bronze tombs and other units in three forms. The two is on the middle of the Central Plains region can be included in the Shang Dynasty bronze ritual (certainly Shang Dynasty, but as the goods handed down and no clear land bronze for reference only) analysis of shape. Three of the Central Plains area in the middle of the Shang Dynasty bronze stage; that of the absolute age for; to discuss its different stages.
The third part, analysis of the Central Plains region of Shang Dynasty bronze sacrifice ceremony. This part consists of four parts. One is the influence of new types. Through the analysis of the pottery unearthed relics of life in the Central Plains area in the middle Shang Dynasty, to find out which ones were made of imitation bronze, bronze watch sequence is imitation. Two is a hoard of bronze unearthed bronze wares in the sacrifice ceremony. And comparison of the hoard of bronze unearthed bronze wares, analysis of changes in the sacrificial ceremony of the bronze ritual. Three bronze tombs unearthed bronze ritual reflects the memorial ceremony. Compared to the mid anterior and posterior segments, unearthed small bronze tombs; before, after two medium-sized tombs unearthed bronze wares unearthed from the tombs, small bronze, analysis of the characteristics of the mid Shang Dynasty memorial ceremony. The four group is a utensil The relationship between the rites and the sacrificial rites and the respective characteristics of the sacrificial rites, the influence of each other, and so on.
The fourth part, the conclusion. Through the above on the Central Plains region of Shang Dynasty bronze ritual analysis, draw relevant conclusions. Through scientific and systematic analysis of the bronze wares in Shang Dynasty, we found that the Central Plains Shang Dynasty is an important period of development of the sacrifice culture artifacts. A bronze from the type, shape, decoration, inscriptions fine, degree of combination relation and mutual imitation and other aspects of copper pottery has a great change. At the same time the bronze sacrificial culture mainly in food based, supplemented by wine, bronze culture mainly for memorial drinks, supplemented by food. Thus, the bronze sacrificial ceremony is to change a single volume objects, exquisite degree of combining music, dance of the ceremony and to control, to achieve the purpose of the ritual process of growth; the bronze memorial ceremony is to increase the number of objects, a combination of changes with sound, Clothing and other ceremonies are directed and controlled to achieve the purpose of the growth of the ritual process.
In short, the increase in Shang Dynasty bronze type, a new type of production, and the increasing volume of fine decoration and so on, are bronze ritual, ritual rhythm point process cumbersome.

【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K876.41

【引证文献】