东周青铜卮的整理与研究

发布时间：2018-03-29 19:47

本文选题：青铜卮　切入点：类型学　出处：《陕西师范大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：铜卮出现在春秋早期偏早,流行于春秋中晚期,战国后期逐渐消失。它在春秋中晚期的墓葬组合中占有重要位置。以研究现状而言,青铜卮的研究多侧重某一具体问题的讨论,对青铜卮的整体研究只在一些通论性质的著作当中有所论及,尚未有专门论著。而且青铜卮作为青铜器文化的一部分,其形制、纹饰、铭文、器物组合关系的研究成果均可与其他器物相互参考,因此,铜卮的研究有重要意义。本文搜集出土青铜卮,兼收传世铜卮,在前人研究成果基础上,采用统计学、类型学和文化因素分析等方法对铜卮进行综合研究。本文主要包括以下几个方面：第一部分：铜卮的定名。该部分总结了前人关于铜卮命名的研究,在此基础上,我们认为,(?)隶定为“卮”更为合适,因此本文根据“名从主人”的原则将其定名为“卮”。第二部分：铜卮的类型学分析。本文在类型学分析时,先对出土铜卮的地域进行分区,分别是：山东地区、中原地区、南方地区、北方地区。在分型时,主要以山东地区为基础,进行分型,其余三个地区作为参照。本文按照铜卮底部特征分为三大类：甲类平底、乙类四足、丙类圈足。甲类又分A、B、C三型,乙类、丙类分别分为两型,每型又分式。本文理清铜卮的演变脉络后,依照形制的演变,将山东地区铜卮的发展分为四期八段,中原地区分为三期六段,南方地区分为两期。并推断了各期段的年代。北方地区因为出士数量较少,未做分期,只对所见铜卮按照式别做了归类。第三部分：出土铜卮墓葬的器物组合。本文以科学发掘的,没有经过盗扰的、完整的青铜礼器组合为研究材料,探讨了铜卮在礼器组合中地位的变化。第四部分：铜卮的功用。在功用方面,我们认为从墓葬组合中判断铜卮的角色的方法是可取的。本文根据铜卮尺寸和形制的变化,认为铜卮在初现时是饮酒器,春秋中期晚段之后,铜卮的作用更多的是作为盛酒器。第五部分：铜卮的起源与族属。关于铜卮的起源,我们认为铜卮首先出现在山东的南部地区。这一器形不是起源于铜器,也非派生自其他青铜器类,而是源于皮制品。这与铜卮发源地的自然地理环境、手工业的发展以及本身的文化氛围有极大的关系。在族属方面,我们认为铜卮与东夷文化有极大的渊源。而且,春秋早期偏晚到春秋晚期,铜卮在一些墓葬中,单独出现,这种现象在山东地区最为多见,我们认为,这与东夷文化的葬俗有关。第六部分：与其他器类的关系兼论铜卮的消亡。该部分探讨了铜卮与铜敦、耳杯的联系以及区别。本文认为铜卮与铜敦在墓葬组合中相伴而出,在形制上多有相似之处,探讨两者之间的关系,能够更好的对它们进行区分。这也说明,青铜器在发展过程中,在横向上与其他器类相互影响。铜卮与耳杯在时间上相继出现,形制上与个别陶卮形制接近。耳杯大盛之时,铜卮也逐渐消失了。铜卮的消失是青铜器由礼器向日用器转化的结果。第七部分：铜卮纹饰的研究。该部分采用分类统计的方法对铜卮各部位的装饰作了分析论述,统计了各部位主要的装饰对象。
[Abstract]:In the early spring and autumn of spring and autumn , the appearance of the bronze wares is in the middle and late stages of the Spring and Autumn Period , and the late Warring States Period gradually disappeared .

Based on the previous research results , this paper studies the comprehensive research on the copper ore by means of statistics , typological analysis and cultural factors analysis . This paper mainly includes the following aspects :

The first part : The name of the bronze coin . This part summarizes the previous research on the naming of copper ions . On that basis , we think , ( ? ) It is more suitable for Zhili to set its name as " autonomy " according to the principle of " master owner " .

In the second part , the typological analysis of copper deposits is carried out . In the analysis of typological analysis , the regions of the unearthed copper deposits are divided into three categories : Shandong , Central , Southern and North . In this paper , the development of copper deposits is divided into three categories : Class A , B , C , C , B and C . The characteristics of copper deposits are divided into three categories : Class A , B , C , C , B and C .

The third part : The organic combination of the unearthed bronze wares . The paper studied the change of the status of the bronze wares in the assembly of the ritual articles by means of the scientific excavation without the stolen and intact bronze ritual articles as the research materials .

In the fourth part , we consider that the method of judging the role of copper ions is desirable in terms of utility . According to the change of the size and shape of copper , it is believed that the copper coin is the drinking device at the beginning . After the mid - late spring and autumn period , the effect of copper ions is much more to be used as the wine container .

The fifth part : The origin and the family of Tongliang . With regard to the origin of the bronze wares , we think that the bronze wares are first appeared in the southern part of Shandong . This device is not originated from the bronze wares nor derived from other bronze wares , but from the leather products . In the aspect of the family , we think that the bronze wares have great significance in the development of the handicraft industry and the cultural atmosphere in itself .

In the sixth part , the relationship between the bronze wares and the copper town and the ear cup is discussed . This part discusses the relationship between the bronze wares and the copper town and the ear cup . In this paper , it is suggested that the bronze wares can be distinguished from other devices in the transverse direction .

In the seventh part , the study of the copper decorative pattern is carried out , and the decoration of each part of the copper coin is analyzed and discussed by the method of classification statistics , and the main decorative objects in each part are counted .

【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K876.41

【参考文献】