新疆阿尔泰山系岩画的宗教象征性初探

发布时间：2018-04-12 05:55

  本文选题：岩画 + 新疆阿尔泰　； 参考：《新疆师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：岩画是指人类为表述特定思想,描刻于洞穴或露天岩石上的图案或符号。岩画作为史前遗存,特别之处在于岩画这种文化现象并不囿于某个特定的区域范围内,而是遍及世界各地。岩画作为文化形式,特殊之处在于其制作贯通古今。从历时性与共时性两个角度综合来看,岩画可谓名副其实的人类共有的文化遗产。环阿尔泰山系岩画的研究,在世界岩画的研究中地位特殊,一直是欧美草原岩画研究的焦点。但国内阿尔泰山系的岩画研究还较为缺乏,随着全国第三次文物普查的结束,国内阿尔泰山系的岩画才较体系、全面地展示在世人面前。在岩画的阐释方面,也多忽视其宗教象征意义。岩画的刻绘图案是一个个充满宗教象征意义的符号,是表达史前思维、史前宗教观念的重要载体。将新疆阿尔泰山系的岩画视为一套符号体系,将岩画中看似散乱的符号进行梳理,找出其刻画的内在规律,并依据岩画符号刻画的内在规律探究这些符号的宗教象征性及具体的宗教象征意义。以符号的视角分析新疆阿尔泰山系的岩画,我们可以得出如下结论。第一,新疆阿尔泰山系岩画中写实性的动物岩画应被视为一种概念的反映而非单纯的写实性描摹。其中岩画中的羊图案是反映丰产崇拜的符号,鹿与通天信仰有关,马与大地的信仰有关。符号羊犹如一个大容器,新疆阿尔泰山系区域内反映宗教象征含义的各种要素几乎都可以添加在羊符号上,这也体现了新疆阿尔泰山系岩画的区域性特点。第二,场景式的岩画可被视为符号的组合。其中出现人物、弓箭、动物的岩画常被视为狩猎场景,实则是反映丰产崇拜的符号组合。狼捕食动物这种场景的刻绘也是符号的组合,有宗教象征意义。对兽符号中对马符号出现得最早,对马符号曾是雅利安、吐火罗等文明体系中的“对马神”。第三,岩画符号的刻绘要素、组合要素也可反映出宗教象征性。以岩画符号的刻绘要素来说,符号的重叠刻绘与岩画点的选址有关,是出于宗教活动的需要。对于新疆阿尔泰山系的岩画来说,刻绘点的选择也有其内在规律,皆依山靠水而刻绘,这与人类宗教信仰系统里根深蒂固的“山父河母”之观念相关。史前岩画的刻绘过程我们今日已无从考证,但岩画的外部环境与岩画的内容则是我们探究史前思想与史前宗教的重要载体。
[Abstract]:Rock painting refers to a pattern or symbol carved on a cave or an open rock to express a particular idea.As a prehistoric relic, rock painting is a cultural phenomenon which is not confined to a specific region, but all over the world.Rock painting as a cultural form, the special place lies in its production through ancient and modern.From two angles of diachronic and synchronic, rock painting is the common cultural heritage of mankind.The study of the rock paintings in the Altai Mountains has a special position in the study of rock paintings in the world, and has always been the focus of the study of grassland rock paintings in Europe and America.With the end of the third national cultural relic survey, the rock paintings of the Altai series in China are relatively systematic and fully displayed in front of the world.In the interpretation of rock painting, it also ignored its religious symbolic significance.The engraved patterns of rock paintings are symbols full of religious symbolism and an important carrier to express prehistoric thinking and prehistoric religious ideas.Regarding the rock paintings of the Altai Mountains in Xinjiang as a set of symbol systems, combing the seemingly scattered symbols in the rock paintings and finding out the inherent laws of their depictions,The religious symbolism and the specific religious symbolic significance of these symbols are explored according to the inherent law of the symbols of rock paintings.From the perspective of symbols, we can draw the following conclusions by analyzing the rock paintings of the Altai Mountains in Xinjiang.First, the realistic animal rock paintings in the Altai series rock paintings in Xinjiang should be regarded as a reflection of a concept rather than a simple realistic description.Among them, the motif of sheep in rock paintings is a symbol reflecting the worship of fertility, the deer is related to the belief in the whole sky, and the horse is related to the faith of the earth.Symbol sheep is like a big container. Almost all the elements reflecting religious symbolism can be added to the symbol of sheep in Altai Mountains region of Xinjiang which also reflects the regional characteristics of rock paintings of Altai Mountains in Xinjiang.Second, the scene-style rock painting can be seen as a combination of symbols.Among them, figures, bows and arrows, animal rock paintings are often regarded as hunting scenes, but it is a symbol combination of fertility worship.The engravings of wolf-prey animals are also a combination of symbols with religious symbolism.The symbol of the opposite horse appeared first, and the symbol of the horse was the god of the horse in the civilization system such as Aryan and Huoluo.Third, the engraving elements and the combination elements of rock painting symbols can also reflect religious symbolism.The overlapping engraving of the symbols is related to the site selection of the rock painting points, which is due to the need of religious activities.For the rock paintings of the Altai Mountains in Xinjiang, the selection of engraving points also has its inherent law, which is related to the deep-rooted concept of "father and father of mountains and rivers" in the religious belief system of human beings.The process of engraving prehistoric rock paintings can not be verified today, but the external environment of rock paintings and the contents of rock paintings are important carriers for us to explore prehistoric thoughts and prehistoric religions.
【学位授予单位】：新疆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：K879.4
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本文编号：1738452