文化景观遗产视角下的静宜园文物古迹保护研究

发布时间：2018-04-13 07:07

本文选题：文化景观遗产 + 文物古迹　；参考：《北京建筑大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：中国的文物古迹保护由来已久,随着保护工作的深入开展和保护理念的不断提升,景观与环境对文物古迹保护的重要性越来越受到关注。如何认知和保护与文物古迹息息相关的自然环境和景观是近年文物古迹保护工作探索的内容之一。与此同时,世界遗产保护中文化景观保护理论为这一探索提供了新的视角。世界遗产中的文化景观强调人与自然的共同作用,并以此作为识别和保护的核心内容。通过对文化景观的提出、发展以及概念和内涵的深入分析可以清楚的看到,世界遗产语境下的“文化景观”体现着人类文明与自然环境之间互动的多样性。文化景观遗产的出现不但是世界遗产保护的巨大进步,也为世界各国的文化遗产保护提供了可供借鉴的新思路。特别是在中国,中国文物古迹中突出的自然影响使其与世界遗产文化景观存在许多共通之处,甚至有相当数量的文物古迹都可被评估为文化景观遗产。因此,借鉴文化景观理论研究和保护我国文物古迹中的景观与环境是具有现实可行性的。北京西郊的皇家园林静宜园是清代北京地区唯一的天然山地园。得天独厚的自然条件、悠久丰富的人文资源为静宜园的建造提供了其它区域所不具备的良好基础。经过深得汉文化精髓的乾隆皇帝悉心经营,静宜园以其特有的天然山野情趣在京城其它皇家园林中别具一格。研究认为,静宜园具有突出的文化景观属性,它的营建充分体现着自然与人类文明的相互作用。借鉴文化景观保护理论指导静宜园文物古迹的认知和保护,更有利于其真实性、完整性的保护。文化景观视角下的静宜园保护与传统文物古迹保护具有明显区别。首先,它以“景观”为价值主体,关注对自然与文化价值的识别。其次,保护对象由文物建筑扩大到全部的自然和文化构成要素,并包括构成要素间的相互关系。再次,保护方式在原有对文物建筑实施保护工程的基础上进一步强调“展示”的重要性。最后,在对文物古迹中的人工构筑物采取静态保护模式的基础上,引入针对景观环境的动态保护模式,并通过监控和评估对变化予以控制。静宜园文化景观的保护研究是对世界遗产文化景观保护理论与中国文物古迹保护相结合的探索,不论是价值和价值载体的识别还是保护理念和保护措施的应用,文化景观理论都为真实、完整的保护我国珍贵而独特的文物古迹提供了新的视角和思路。
[Abstract]:The protection of cultural relics and monuments in China has a long history. With the development of conservation work and the continuous improvement of conservation concept, the importance of landscape and environment to the protection of cultural relics and monuments has been paid more and more attention.How to recognize and protect the natural environment and landscape, which are closely related to cultural relics and monuments, is one of the contents of the protection of cultural relics and monuments in recent years.At the same time, the theory of cultural landscape protection in the protection of world heritage provides a new perspective for this exploration.The cultural landscape in the world heritage emphasizes the interaction between man and nature, and takes it as the core content of identification and protection.Through putting forward, developing and analyzing the concept and connotation of cultural landscape, we can clearly see that "cultural landscape" in the context of world heritage reflects the diversity of interaction between human civilization and natural environment.The emergence of cultural landscape heritage is not only a great progress of the world heritage protection, but also provides a new idea for the world cultural heritage protection.Especially in China, the outstanding natural influence of Chinese cultural relics and monuments makes them have many similarities with the world heritage and cultural landscape, even a considerable number of cultural relics and monuments can be evaluated as cultural landscape heritage.Therefore, it is feasible to study and protect the landscape and environment in the cultural landscape theory.Jingyi Garden, a royal garden in the western suburb of Beijing, was the only natural mountain garden in the Qing Dynasty.The unique natural conditions and the long and abundant human resources provide a good foundation for the construction of Jingyi Garden.Through the careful management of Emperor Qianlong, who has gained the essence of Han culture, Jingyi Garden is unique in other royal gardens of the capital with its unique natural mountain and wild taste.The study holds that Jingyi Garden has outstanding cultural landscape properties, and its construction fully reflects the interaction between nature and human civilization.Using the theory of cultural landscape protection for reference to guide the cognition and protection of cultural relics and monuments in Jingyi Park is more conducive to the protection of its authenticity and integrity.The protection of Jingyi Park from the perspective of cultural landscape is obviously different from the protection of traditional cultural relics and monuments.First of all, it regards landscape as the value subject and pays attention to the recognition of natural and cultural values.Secondly, the object of protection is expanded from cultural relic building to all the elements of nature and culture, and includes the relationship between the elements.Thirdly, the protection mode emphasizes the importance of "display" on the basis of the original protection project of cultural relic buildings.Finally, based on the static protection mode of artificial structures in cultural relics and historic sites, the dynamic conservation mode for landscape environment is introduced, and the change is controlled by monitoring and evaluation.The research on the conservation of Jingyiyuan cultural landscape is an exploration of the combination of the theory of world heritage and cultural landscape conservation and the protection of Chinese cultural relics and monuments, whether it is the identification of value and value carrier, or the application of conservation ideas and measures.The theory of cultural landscape provides a new perspective and train of thought for the real and complete protection of our country's precious and unique cultural relics and monuments.
【学位授予单位】：北京建筑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K878

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