景德镇落马桥红光瓷厂窑址出土元代白瓷成分分析及工艺研究

发布时间：2018-04-16 15:39

本文选题：景德镇 + 元代白瓷　；参考：《故宫博物院院刊》2017年01期

【摘要】：在使用ED-XRF(能量色散X荧光光谱仪)对景德镇落马桥红光瓷厂窑址考古发掘出土的121件元代白瓷(青白瓷、卵白瓷和灰青瓷)标本进行胎、釉成分分析后可知,卵白瓷和青白瓷的釉色差别主要是因釉中主要助熔剂(Ka、Ca、Na)配比量不同所致,卵白瓷的烧成主要是由于釉料配方中出现了Na_2O含量较高的配料,而灰青瓷的外观则主要是由于胎中Fe和Ti等杂质含量非常高。分析结果还表明,景德镇元代白瓷的胎、釉化学组成存在一定的时代变化规律:南宋末元初,窑场仍部分沿用南宋时期的钙釉配方,生产较为精细的青白瓷,同时也用新的碱钙釉配方生产质量稍差的青白瓷和灰青瓷;元代早期,南宋时期的配釉技术已完全被新出现的碱钙釉所取代,生产釉面较乳浊的青白瓷和灰青瓷;元代中期开始使用一种高Na_2O含量的原料,创烧了卵白瓷,这可能与贡御和接受官府订烧有关;元代晚期,卵白瓷的烧制技术在不断摸索中日渐成熟,釉料配比已十分稳定;元末,落马桥窑场遭到战争的严重破坏,釉料配方波动很大,制瓷技术非常不稳定。综观有元一代,无论是卵白瓷、青白瓷还是灰青瓷,可能都采用了"天然二元配方",即使用了伴生有瓷石矿物的高岭土矿(或伴生高岭土的瓷石矿)。落马桥窑场在元代中晚期生产的卵白瓷,可能是采用了伴生有少量高岭土的高Na_2O含量的瓷石矿(高岭土矿),即文献所提的"御土"。
[Abstract]:Using ED-XRF (energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer), 121 samples of white porcelain (celadon porcelain, egg white porcelain and grey celadon) were excavated from the kiln site of Lingmaqiao Hongguang porcelain factory in Jingdezhen, and the composition of glaze was analyzed.The difference of glaze color between egg white porcelain and celadon porcelain is mainly caused by the different ratio of the main flux in glaze, and the firing of egg white porcelain is mainly due to the high content of Na_2O in the glaze formulation.The appearance of grey celadon is mainly due to the high content of impurities such as Fe and Ti in the tire.The results also show that the chemical composition of white porcelain and glaze in Jingdezhen Yuan Dynasty has a certain time changing rule: the kiln still partly uses the calcium glaze formula of the Southern Song Dynasty to produce fine celadon porcelain, in the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, in the early Yuan Dynasty, and in the early Yuan Dynasty.At the same time, the new alkali calcium glaze formula was used to produce the inferior celadon and grey celadon. In the early Yuan Dynasty, the glaze matching technology in the Southern Song Dynasty had been completely replaced by the new alkali calcium glaze, which produced turbid celadon and grey celadon.In the middle of Yuan Dynasty, a kind of raw material with high Na_2O content was used to burn egg white porcelain, which may have something to do with Gong Yu and accepting official order firing. In the late Yuan Dynasty, the firing technology of egg white porcelain was maturing day by day, and the ratio of glaze material was very stable.At the end of Yuan Dynasty, the kiln was destroyed seriously by war, the glaze formula fluctuated greatly, and the porcelain making technology was very unstable.In the Yuan Dynasty, no matter whether it is egg white porcelain, celadon porcelain or grey celadon porcelain, they may adopt "natural binary formula", even if they are accompanied by kaolin ore (or accompanying kaolin stone ore).The egg white porcelain produced in the middle and late Yuan Dynasty probably used porcelain stone with high Na_2O content with a small amount of kaolinite (kaolin ore), that is, "imperial earth" mentioned in the literature.
【作者单位】：伊利诺伊大学芝加哥分校;北京大学考古文博学院;景德镇陶瓷考古研究所;
【基金】：“国家社会科学基金重大项目《非洲出土中国古代外销瓷与海上丝绸之路研究》”(项目批准号:15ZDB057) 国家高层次人才支持计划——青年拔尖人才的资助
【分类号】：K876.3

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