二里头文化与周边地区考古学文化交流研究

发布时间：2018-04-30 00:28

本文选题：二里头文化 + 周边地区　；参考：《郑州大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：二里头文化是分布于中原地区的一支考古学文化,它上承王湾三期文化及新砦期文化,下接二里岗文化,绝对年代为1880B.C.—1520B.C.。其分布地域与文献和传说中的夏代大体相符,因而被多数学者推断为夏代中晚期的文化。二里头文化周围存在着多支不同类型的考古学文化。二里头文化在其产生发展的过程中都与这些考古学文化存在着一定程度上的交流。文化之间的交流和碰撞推动了各个考古学文化的发展步伐,促进了考古学文化的重组,为大范围统一的考古学文化的形成奠定了基础,造就了中国古代文明多元一体格局的初步形态。二里头文化与周边地区考古学文化的交流可以通过陶器、玉器及青铜器反映出来,尤以陶器明显。本文把周边地区划分成华北、西北、海岱、东南、江汉及峡江、西南六个地理单元,从器物的共有关系(主要为陶器)上探讨了二里头文化与这些地理单元内考古学文化之间的交流。在此基础上,本文对二里头文化与周边地区考古学文化的交流做了深入的分析。首先阐明了二者之间的主次关系,认为只有岳石文化、东龙山文化对二里头文化的影响始终处于主导地位,下七垣文化、马桥文化对二里头文化个别时期的影响处于主导地位,其余考古学文化对二里头文化则很少甚至没有影响,相反则受到二里头文化的强烈辐射。然后从时间、空间两个维度对交流内容的异同进行了重点的分析,认为不同时间内交流对象及内容的差异反映了交流强弱的变化、社会等级的不断分化以及社会结构和礼制的构建过程；二里头文化与周边三级地区考古学文化交流内容上的差别是由于交流层次造成的,而交流层次的存在以及内部结构的变化同时也反映了社会等级的不断分化以及社会结构和礼制的构建过程。再后概述了二者之间的交流方式与途径、交流路线,认为二者之间有战争掠夺、商业贸易、友好馈赠、人群迁徙等多种交流方式与途径,时间、地点、交流对象不同,交流方式与途径也不一样；交流路线有多条,且二里头文化与单支考古学文化之间的交流路线也会因空间的不同而存在多条。最后,揭示了二者交流反映的若干历史背景,认为二里头文化与周边地区,尤其是边远地区考古学文化的交流是我国众多地区“禹迹”存在的重要原因；二里头文化与岳石文化的交流以及二者之间强弱的变化体现了“夏夷关系”的发展变化；二里头文化晚期岳石文化及下七垣文化对二里头文化的强势冲击以及在此情况下二里头文化向边远地区的渗透则反映了“桀死鸣条”、“桀奔南巢”等历史背景。
[Abstract]:Erlitou culture is an archaeological culture distributed in the Central Plains. It inherits the culture of the third period of Wangwan and the culture of Xinzhai period, followed by the culture of Erligang. The absolute age is 1880B.C.-1520B.C. Its distribution area is roughly consistent with the literature and legends of the Xia Dynasty, so most scholars infer that it was the culture of the middle and late Xia Dynasty. There are many different types of archaeological culture around Erlitou culture. Erlitou culture has some communication with these archaeological cultures in the process of its development. The exchange and collision between cultures have promoted the development of various archaeological cultures, promoted the reorganization of archaeological cultures, and laid the foundation for the formation of a large-scale unified archaeological culture. It has created the initial form of the pluralistic pattern of ancient Chinese civilization. The exchange between Erlitou culture and archeological culture in surrounding areas can be reflected through pottery, jade and bronze ware, especially pottery. This paper divides the surrounding areas into six geographical units: North, Northwest, Haidai, Southeast, Jianghan and Xijiang, and Southwest. The communication between Erlitou culture and archaeological culture in these geographical units is discussed from the common relationship of artifacts (mainly pottery). On this basis, the exchange of Erlitou culture and surrounding archaeological culture is analyzed. First of all, it clarifies the primary and secondary relationship between the two. It is believed that only Yueshi culture, Donglongshan culture's influence on Erlitou culture has always been in the dominant position, and the influence of the lower Qiyuan culture and the Ma Qiao culture on the Erlitou culture in individual periods is in the dominant position. The other archaeological culture has little or no influence on Erlitou culture, on the contrary, it is strongly radiated by Erlitou culture. Then from two dimensions of time and space, the paper analyzes the similarities and differences of communication content, and thinks that the differences of communication objects and contents in different time reflect the change of communication intensity. The continuous differentiation of social hierarchy and the process of constructing social structure and ritual system; the difference between Erlitou culture and the surrounding three levels of archaeological cultural exchange is caused by the level of communication. The existence of communication level and the change of internal structure also reflect the continuous differentiation of social hierarchy and the construction process of social structure and etiquette system. After that, it outlines the ways and means of communication between the two, and points out that there are various ways and means of communication between them, such as war plunder, commercial trade, friendly gifts, crowd migration, and so on. Time, place and object of communication are different. There are many communication routes, and the communication routes between Erlitou Culture and single Archaeological Culture are different because of the different space. Finally, it reveals some historical background of the exchange between the two, and holds that the exchange of archaeological culture between Erlitou culture and surrounding areas, especially in remote areas, is an important reason for the existence of "Yuxi" in many areas of our country. The communication between Erlitou culture and Yueshi culture and the change of their strength and weakness reflect the development and change of "Xiayi relation"; The strong impact on Erlitou culture caused by the late Yueshi culture and the lower Qiyuan culture of Erlitou culture and the infiltration of Erlitou culture into the remote areas reflect the historical background of "Jie's death rule" and "Jie running to the south nest" and so on.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K871.7

【引证文献】