湖南省传统村落的空心化问题研究

发布时间：2018-05-05 04:12

本文选题：传统村落 + 空心化　；参考：《湖南师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：农村空心化问题是城乡发展差异背景下农村地区人口不断流向城镇地区进而导致农村常住人口减少、房屋废弃、传统文化消亡的社会现象。它是经济发展、城镇化水平不断提高过程中农村地区普遍存在的问题。我国在2011年城镇化率首次超过50%,根据发达国家的经验,目前正处于一个高速城镇化发展的阶段,每年有将近一千万的人口转移到城镇,这意味农村空心化问题将会在相当长的时期内凸显出来。传统村落的城乡差异更为显著,其空心化问题涉及到历史文化遗产的保护与利用,情况更为特殊。研究传统村落的空心化问题对于科学认识和保护传统村落有着至关重要的意义。本文以湖南省入选《中国传统村落名录》的91个村落的申报资料和笔者在湘西古丈县龙鼻村发放的调查问卷与入户访谈的反馈信息为基础,把宏观整体分析与微观案例分析、理论分析与实证分析相结合,从人口空心化与聚落空心化两个角度分析湖南省传统村落空心化的现状、产生原因、影响及应对措施。研究结果表明:(1)从传统村落人口流动的角度看,湖南省大多数的传统村落出现了不同程度的空心化现象。其形成原因与传统村落的历史背景、自然条件、社会经济水平等有很大的相关性。(2)空心化现象对湖南传统村落的保护和发展造成了相当大的影响。集中表现为:本地劳动力不足、留守老人和儿童照顾欠缺、建筑用地增加、土地抛荒以及传统建筑和传统文化的原真性、整体性、延续性破坏等问题。(3)治理传统村落的空心化问题时,必须科学地认识空心化现象的普遍性和规律性以及传统村落的特殊性,从人口空心化和聚落空心化两个方面思考防控治理措施。对于人口空心化治理,应采取发展村落特色经济、实现基本公共服务均等化等措施,逐步缩小城乡间的差距、提高村落对本地居民的吸引力;对于聚落空心化治理,通过加强传统村落宅基地管理、改善传统村落基础设施、修缮改造传统民居、设立传统村落专项保护资金等措施,可缓和甚至解决空心化所造成的村落空间格局形态破坏和村落历史建筑废弃等问题。
[Abstract]:The problem of rural hollowness is a social phenomenon in which the population in rural areas continues to flow to urban areas under the background of the difference between urban and rural development, which leads to the decrease of permanent population in rural areas, the abandonment of houses and the disappearance of traditional culture. It is a common problem in rural areas in the process of economic development and urbanization. China's urbanization rate exceeded 50% for the first time in 2011. According to the experience of developed countries, it is now at a stage of rapid urbanization, with nearly 10 million people moving to cities and towns every year. This means that the problem of rural hollowing will be highlighted for a long time. The difference between urban and rural areas of traditional villages is more significant, and the hollowing problem involves the protection and utilization of historical and cultural heritage, and the situation is more special. It is of great significance to study the hollowing of traditional villages for the scientific understanding and protection of traditional villages. Based on the information of 91 villages selected from Hunan Province and the questionnaire and feedback information from the household interviews in Longbi Village, Guzhang County, Western Hunan Province, this paper makes a macro analysis and a microcosmic case study. Combining theoretical analysis with empirical analysis, this paper analyzes the present situation, causes, effects and countermeasures of traditional village hollowing in Hunan Province from the two angles of population hollowing and settlement hollowing. From the point of view of population mobility in traditional villages, most of the traditional villages in Hunan Province appear different degree of hollowness. The causes of its formation are closely related to the historical background, natural conditions and social and economic level of traditional villages. The phenomenon of hollowness has a great impact on the protection and development of traditional villages in Hunan. The main manifestations are: the shortage of local labour force, the lack of care for the elderly and children left behind, the increase in land use, the abandonment of land and the authenticity and integrity of traditional buildings and traditional cultures. In dealing with the hollowing problem of traditional villages, we must scientifically understand the universality and regularity of hollowing phenomenon and the particularity of traditional villages. The measures of prevention and control should be considered from the two aspects of population hollowing and settlement hollowing. To deal with population hollowing, we should take measures such as developing characteristic economy of villages, realizing equalization of basic public services, gradually narrowing the gap between urban and rural areas, improving the attraction of villages to local residents, and improving the governance of settlement emptiness. Through strengthening the management of traditional villages' homestead, improving the infrastructure of traditional villages, renovating and renovating traditional houses, setting up special funds for the protection of traditional villages, and so on, It can alleviate or even solve the problems caused by hollowness, such as the destruction of village spatial pattern and the abandonment of village historical buildings.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：K878

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