高庙遗址出土鱼类遗存研究

发布时间：2018-05-08 06:27

本文选题：高庙遗址 + 鱼类遗存　；参考：《湖南大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：高庙遗址位于湖南省洪江市，是我国一处重要的新石器时代贝丘遗址，遗址中发现的遗迹和遗物不仅为建立沅水中、上游地区的新石器时代考古学文化谱系建立了基础，而且还涉及到史前时期人类的宗教信仰以及中国文明起源等重要课题。高庙遗址中出土了大量的水、陆生动物遗骸，这其中鱼类骨骼数量众多，种类广泛，在我国新石器时代遗址中十分少见。本课题是首次运用动物考古学的方法对单个遗址的鱼类骨骼进行全面、系统的研究。通过对高庙遗址出土的5786件鱼类骨骼进行鉴定、统计、测量，获知高庙先民捕获的鱼种有白鲢、青鱼、草鱼、鲤鱼、溼鱼、黄颡鱼等共计二目七科(亚科)八属七种鱼类，其中对白鲢的捕获数量巨大。高庙上层(距今6300~5300年)和高庙下层(距今7800~6800年)两个时期在捕鱼对象、捕鱼工具、捕鱼数量上发生了显著的变化，表现在高庙上层时捕获大鱼的数量是高庙下层时期的3倍多，而捕获小鱼的数量在高庙上层时却明显下降。实践研究中，，本文对动物考古学的理论方法有所创新，并获得了一些探索性的认识。如对骨骼的鉴定方面，不仅以骨骼的外部形态作为鉴定种属的依据，而且将骨骼的内部结构也作为了一种鉴定的观察对象，从而鉴定出高庙遗址和我国以往多处考古遗址出土的枣核状变异骨骼就是白鲢支鳍骨。通过对鱼类提供卡路里值推算，认为尽管高庙遗址捕获青鱼的数量比草鱼少，但是青鱼所提供的总卡路里值热量却比草鱼多。从捕获鱼类的年龄研究上，发现白鲢都为4龄以上，达到性成熟标准，结合遗址附近就有鱼类洄游产卵的渔场，推测当时人们利用鱼类洄游的特性来捕捞白鲢。最后，通过将高庙遗址出土的鱼类材料与长江流域出土的鱼类遗存进行对比，进一步体现出高庙鱼类遗存的重要研究价值，在此基础上，对长江流域的捕鱼经济特点进行了初步的探讨。
[Abstract]:The Gaomiao site, located in Hongjiang City, Hunan Province, is an important Neolithic Beiqiu site in China. The relics and relics found in the site not only laid the foundation for the establishment of the Neolithic archaeological cultural pedigree in Yuanshui, but also in the upper reaches. It also involves the religious belief of human beings and the origin of Chinese civilization in prehistoric period. A large number of water and terrestrial remains were unearthed from the Gaomiao site, in which the number of fish bones was numerous and the species were extensive, which was very rare in the Neolithic sites in China. This paper is the first time to make a comprehensive and systematic study on the fish bones of a single site by using animal archaeology. Through the identification, statistics and measurement of 5786 fish bones unearthed from the Gaomiao site, it was found that the species of fish caught by the ancestors of Gaomiao were silver carp, herring fish, grass carp, wet fish, yellow obvidraco, etc., in total, seven species of fish belonging to eight genera and seven families (subfamilies) of two orders and seven families (subfamilies). Among them, the amount of silver carp caught is huge. In the upper part of the temple (6300-5300 years ago) and the lower layer of the temple (7800-6800 years ago), significant changes have taken place in the fishing objects, fishing tools, and the quantity of fishing, which shows that the number of large fish caught in the upper part of the temple is more than three times that in the period of the lower level of the temple. The number of small fish caught in the temple when the upper layer of a significant decline. In the practical research, this paper innovates the theory and method of animal archaeology, and obtains some exploratory understanding. For example, in the identification of bone, not only the external shape of bone is used as the basis for identifying species, but also the internal structure of bone is regarded as an object of observation for identification. Thus, it is identified that the jujube core variant bone unearthed from Gaomiao site and many archaeological sites in China is the branching fin bone of silver carp. By calculating the calorie value of fish, it is concluded that although the number of herring caught at Gaomiao site is less than that of grass carp, the total calorie value of herring fish is more than that of grass carp. From the age study of catching fish, it was found that the silver carp were above 4 years old, which reached the standard of sexual maturity. Combined with the fish migration and spawning fishing ground near the site, it was speculated that people used the characteristics of fish migration to catch silver carp at that time. Finally, by comparing the fish materials unearthed from the Gaomiao site with the fish remains unearthed in the Yangtze River Basin, the important research value of the fish remains of the Gaomiao site is further reflected. In this paper, the characteristics of fishing economy in the Yangtze River basin are preliminarily discussed.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K878;Q915

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