魏晋镇墓兽俑分期研究

发布时间：2018-05-10 09:47

本文选题：魏晋 + 镇墓兽俑　；参考：《中央民族大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 魏晋墓葬随葬品中的镇墓兽和镇墓武士俑特点鲜明、引人注目,成为具有分期断代意义的典型随葬品之一。本文以魏晋时期的镇墓兽和镇墓武士俑(简称镇墓兽俑,下同)为研究对象,对其进行分类、分期,总结其时代特征,建立起魏晋镇墓兽俑发展演变的相对年代序列。并尝试以镇墓兽俑作为断代的标准器之一,对一些非纪年或年代有争议的墓葬进行年代推断。最后,对魏晋镇墓兽俑的随葬规律、镇墓兽的原型及流变进行探讨。本文以考古类型学为基础研究方法,并综合运用了艺术史论、历史文献、统计学等方法。其中,分期研究部分主要运用考古类型学方法；随葬规律研究部分主要利用统计学方法对镇墓兽俑的组合关系、所出墓葬等级、出土位置等进行统计并分析,以探寻镇墓兽俑的随葬规律；魏晋时期镇墓兽的原型、流变的探讨部分则参考了历史文献、艺术术史学方法。本文将魏晋镇墓兽俑的发展分为三个时期：第一期,曹魏时期；第二期西晋早期；第三期早段西晋中期、晚段西晋晚期。有关魏晋墓葬的分期研究一般将西晋中、晚期划为一期,期下再未细分。然而随着近年魏晋墓葬资料的不断丰富和研究的逐步深入,以往的分期有待细化。本文将镇墓兽俑发展的第三期即西晋中晚期细分为西晋中期和晚期两段。魏晋墓葬纪年墓较少,墓葬的断代较为困难,文中对某些难以断代的镇墓兽俑资料进行断代,并最终基本建立起魏晋镇墓兽俑发展演变的年代序列。此外,还对某些年代有争议的墓葬进行了年代推断。最后,通过对魏晋镇墓兽原型及流变的考察,提出东汉独角兽、魏晋镇墓兽的原型都是中国古代犀牛,是人们对犀牛不断模糊、神化的产物。将中国古代镇墓兽分为三类(亦代表镇墓兽发展史上的三个阶段)：楚式镇墓兽、汉式镇墓兽、复合式镇墓兽。其中第一阶段、第三阶段为镇墓兽发展史上的两个高潮期,而第二阶段“汉式镇墓兽”则处于一个过渡时期。
[Abstract]:The tombs of Wei and Jin dynasties and the tombs of the town and the tomb warrior figurines are distinctive and attractive, and they have become one of the typical burial objects with the significance of different periods. In this paper, taking the tombs and warriors of the town and the tombs of the Wei and Jin dynasties as the research objects, the author classifies them, classifies them by stages, sums up the characteristics of their times, and sets up the relative chronological sequence of the development and evolution of the tombs of the Wei and Jin dynasties. The author also tries to use the tombs of the town as one of the standard instruments of the dynasties to infer the ages of some non-chronological or controversial tombs. Finally, the law of burial, prototype and rheology of tombs in Wei and Jin dynasties are discussed. This paper takes archaeological typology as the basic research method, and synthetically uses the art history theory, the historical literature, the statistics and so on. Among them, the stage research part mainly uses the archaeological typology method; the research part of the funerary law part mainly uses the statistical method to make statistics and analysis on the combination relation, the gravestone grade and the unearthed location of the town tombs and beasts. In order to explore the burial rules of the tombs of the town, the archetype of the tombs in Wei and Jin dynasties and the discussion of its rheology refer to the historical documents and the methods of art and art history. In this paper, the development of tombs in Wei and Jin is divided into three periods: the first period, the Cao Wei period, the second stage of the Western Jin Dynasty, the third early stage, the middle stage of the Western Jin Dynasty, and the late stage of the Western Jin Dynasty. The study on the stages of the tomb in Wei and Jin dynasties generally divided the middle and late Western Jin dynasties into one stage without any further subdivision. However, with the enrichment of the burial materials and the deepening of the research in recent years, the past stages need to be refined. In this paper, the third stage of the development of tombstone figurines in the town is divided into two sections: the middle and the late period of the Western Jin Dynasty. There are few tombs in the Wei and Jin dynasties, and it is difficult to date the tombs. In this paper, the date sequence of the development and evolution of the tombs of the Wei and Jin dynasties is basically established. In addition, some years of controversial tombs have been inferred. Finally, through the investigation of the archetype and rheology of the tombs in Wei and Jin dynasties, the author points out that the archetypes of unicorns and tombs in Wei and Jin dynasties are all ancient Chinese rhinoceros, which are the product of people's constant blurring and deifying of rhinoceros. The gravestones in ancient China were divided into three types (also representing the three stages in the history of the development of the town tombs: Chu town tombs Han tombs and compound tombs). In the first stage, the third stage is the two high periods in the history of the town tombs, while the second stage, the Han style tombs, is in a transitional period.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K878.8

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