从中亚“犬神”至中原“狻猊”——古代天王造像之“兽首吞臂”溯源与东传演变考
发布时间：2018-05-20 07:40
本文选题：天王 + 兽首吞臂 ； 参考：《南京艺术学院学报(美术与设计)》2017年05期
【摘要】：唐宋时期"天王""镇墓武士"造像中,手臂与肩部连接处常筒饰威慑恫吓的"兽首",现代学者将其称为"兽首含臂"。"兽首吞臂"最初起源于粟特民族古老的"犬神"崇拜,并在北魏时期随着粟特商人带入中原,并影响了初唐时期以"毗沙门天王"为代表的天王造像装饰,还影响了唐宋镇墓武士造像装饰,其母题呈现多元化。而当时中原正处于唐文明最为鼎盛时期,强盛的唐文明对外域文明有着极强的文化改造力,唐代不仅吸收了中亚的"犬神吞臂"母题装饰,并且将其改造为中原天王造像的"狻猊吞臂"。这一母题演变还体现在了不断从唐文化中汲取文明的日本佛教造像演变中,其艺术特征或许受到日本本土神道信仰中的"龙蛇"信仰影响,增加了日本"龙"或"蛇"的艺术面貌特征。
[Abstract]:During the Tang and Song dynasties, in the statue of "King of Heaven" and "Tomb Warrior of the Town", the arms and shoulders were often decorated as the "heads of beasts" which were used to deter intimidation, which modern scholars call them "the heads of beasts with arms". " The first swallowing of arms "originated from the ancient worship of the" dog god "of the Sogt nationality, and in the Northern Wei Dynasty, with the introduction of the Merchant of Sogte into the Central Plains, and affected the decoration of the statue of the King of Heaven, represented by" the King of Vishamen "in the early Tang Dynasty. Also affected the Tang and Song town tomb warrior statue decoration, its motif presents the diversification. At that time, the Central Plains was at the peak of the Tang civilization, and the strong Tang civilization had a strong cultural transformation power to the foreign civilization. The Tang Dynasty not only absorbed the decoration of the "Canine God swallowing arm" motif in Central Asia. And transform it into the statue of the emperor of the Central Plains, "Suanni swallow arms." The evolution of this motif is also reflected in the evolution of the Japanese Buddhist statues, which constantly draw civilization from the Tang culture. Its artistic characteristics may be influenced by the "Dragon Snake" belief in the local Shinto faith in Japan. The art features of Japanese Dragon or Snake have been added.
【作者单位】： 南京艺术学院设计学博士后科研流动站;
【基金】：国家社科基金艺术学一般项目《隋唐丝绸之路艺术东渡入日史探论》(15BG090) 2015江苏省哲学社会科学基金青年项目(15YSC014) 2015“江苏省博士后科研资助项目”(1501054A) 江苏高校“青蓝工程”优秀青年骨干教师(苏教师⺌2016⺗15号文) 第59批次中国博士后科学基金面上资助二等资助
【分类号】：J315;K879.3
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本文编号：1913752
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