早期秦的物质文化及相关问题研究

发布时间：2018-05-23 14:41

本文选题：早期秦 + 物质文化　；参考：《西北大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 近年,随着早期秦文化考古工作的开展,尤其是墓葬和窖藏青铜器的发现,给我们提供了重新审视早期秦文化的实物资料,特别是早期秦的物质文化。早期秦青铜业的手艺精湛,制作优良,得到学者们的不断认可,但是对其发展水平仍评价不一,而且将早期秦青铜业与处以同一时期其他诸侯国的青铜业相比研究的较少,基于此,着重横向对比研究了早期秦同其他诸侯国的青铜业,纵向对比研究了早期秦自身青铜业的发展,同时略论早期秦的基础产业农业和畜牧业的发展状况及其原因,以及在物质文化基础上发展起来的精神文化的表现和特点。早期秦的青铜器与其他诸侯国的横向对比研究中,以体型大小、纹饰修饰、造型三方面为标准。通过对比研究发现,早期秦的青铜器毫不逊色,青铜业水平至少不落后于芮、黄这些边缘诸侯国,但与晋等大国相比还是有差距的,分析原因为秦始国晚、范围小、战事多和青铜用于礼器的比例较小。好在礼县有悠久的青铜业铸造史,襄公建国后所处的大时代又有利的推动了早期秦青铜业的发展,于是成就了早期秦较为发达的青铜业,同时反映出当时的手工业发展情况。考古发掘了大量黄金饰片,证实了早期秦黄金业的发展水平,从另一个侧面也反映了当时的手工业发展情况。而手工业的发展又依赖于基础产业的发展。文献中关于早期秦的农业情况记载较少,于是造成了长久以来对早期秦农业认识的不够。但是如今发掘出的农业生产工具从正面反映了当时的农业发展状况,文献记载的战争、礼乐、畜牧、出土的乐器、发掘的建筑遗址、家畜骨骼和酿酒等又从侧面反映了当时农业的发展状况,直接和间接的材料表明早期秦拥有充足的劳动力、先进的技术和生产工具,可见当时的农业相当丰实。因有利的自然环境和悠久的畜牧传统,畜牧业成为早期秦的优势产业,表现突出。当然早期秦的物质文化发展与早期秦文化的滋养是分不开的,而早期秦文化则是在东方文化的基础上吸收周、西戎文化的有利因子,充分发展文化自身的自我保护和自我完善的功能,形成了兼容性很广但又独具特色的新的地域性中原文化。在早期秦物质文化发展的基础上,早期秦文化得到进一步的发展,表现为早期秦的精神文化。早期秦的持之以恒、对外来文化的包容吸纳且不保守的精神,在早期秦的墓葬文化、宗庙祭祀文化中都有很好的体现。早期秦的物质文化为早期秦的精神文化的发展提供了保障,而早期秦的精神文化又为早期秦的物质文化的发展起了推动作用。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the development of the archaeological work of early Qin culture, especially the discovery of tombs and cellar bronzes, it provides us with the material materials to re-examine the early Qin culture, especially the material culture of the early Qin Dynasty. The early Qin Qing copper industry had excellent workmanship and excellent production, which was continuously recognized by scholars, but its development level was still evaluated differently, and the early Qin Qing copper industry was studied less than the bronze industry of other imperial states in the same period. Based on this, this paper studies the bronze industry of the early Qin Dynasty and other imperial states, and studies the development of the bronze industry in the early Qin Dynasty. At the same time, it briefly discusses the development situation and reasons of the agriculture and animal husbandry of the early Qin Dynasty's basic industry. And the expression and characteristics of spiritual culture developed on the basis of material culture. In the comparative study of bronze ware in early Qin Dynasty and other kingdoms, three aspects of shape size, decoration and shape were taken as the standard. Through the comparative study, it is found that the early Qin bronze ware is no inferior, the level of the green copper industry is at least not lagging behind Rui, Huang, these marginal countries, but there is still a gap with the Jin and other big countries. The reason for the analysis is that the Qin Dynasty was late and the scope was small. Much of the war and bronze are used in small proportions. Fortunately, Li County has a long history of bronze casting, and the great era Xianggong was in after the founding of the people's Republic of China promoted the development of the early Qin Qing bronze industry, and thus achieved the relatively developed bronze industry in the early Qin Dynasty, which reflected the development of handicraft industry at that time. Archaeological excavations of a large number of gold ornaments confirmed the development of the early Qin gold industry from the other side also reflected the development of handicraft industry at that time. The development of handicraft industry depends on the development of basic industry. There are few records about early Qin agriculture in the literature, which has resulted in a long time insufficient understanding of early Qin agriculture. But the tools of agricultural production that have been discovered today reflect positively the development of agriculture at that time, the documented wars, rites and music, animal husbandry, musical instruments unearthed, and excavated architectural sites. The bones of domestic animals and wine making reflected the development of agriculture at that time. Direct and indirect materials showed that the early Qin had sufficient labor force, advanced technology and production tools, so the agriculture at that time was quite abundant. Because of its favorable natural environment and long herding tradition, animal husbandry became the dominant industry in the early Qin Dynasty. Of course, the material and cultural development of the early Qin Dynasty is inseparable from the nourishment of the early Qin culture, while the early Qin culture is the beneficial factor for absorbing the Zhou and Xi Rong culture on the basis of the oriental culture. Fully developing the function of self-protection and self-perfection of culture has formed a new regional culture of Central Plains with wide compatibility but unique characteristics. On the basis of the development of material culture in the early Qin Dynasty, the culture of the early Qin Dynasty was further developed and manifested as the spiritual culture of the early Qin Dynasty. The persistence of the early Qin Dynasty, the acceptance of foreign culture and the unconservative spirit are well reflected in the early Qin tombs culture and the temple sacrificial culture. The material culture of the early Qin Dynasty provided the guarantee for the development of the spiritual culture of the early Qin Dynasty, and the spiritual culture of the early Qin Dynasty played a role in promoting the development of the material culture of the early Qin Dynasty.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K871

【引证文献】