《上海博物馆藏战国楚竹书（七）》文献研究

发布时间：2018-05-23 15:05

本文选题：《上博七》 + 文献研究　；参考：《华中师范大学》2011年博士论文

【摘要】：任何新出土文献的研究都需要在热闹过后的更细致、系统探讨。2008年12月,《上博七》正式公布,学界讨论热烈,在文字隶定、释读、编联方面成绩显著；或许是由于时间尚短和文献材料的相对匮乏,诸如简文的版本、作者、创制年代等许多基本的文献问题却还没有得到很好的解决。本文以《上博七》为研究对象,结合相关文献,在学界已有研究成果基础上,在对五篇简文的释读、编联问题重新讨论之后,通过扎实的史料考辨,集中探讨五篇简书的版本、学术体例、文体、思想渊源、传承、作者、创制年代等学界还没有来得及思考,或思考尚有待深入的诸多基本问题,并试着发掘它们与先秦诸多学术思潮和文献之间的相互关系；这样,也能更清楚地了解战国早中期的学术与思想史的发展脉络。绪论部分简述《上博七》公布以来的研究进展和所取得的成就,确定本文的研究对象、范围及重点,说明研究的意义和方法。第一章以简文《武王践阼》为研究对象。根据对甲乙本和今本的比勘和对读,我们判断甲本可能属于黄帝学大热之前的作品,此时黄帝尚未被抬高至超出儒、墨所推崇的尧、舜、禹等后王,成篇时间相对较早。乙本作者寻求的是一种超越了个人贤能、可适用于百世的“道”治,而且把太公望的地位抬高,与《太公金匮》、《六韬》等著作一样,可能与齐学、兵权谋社会思潮有一定的联系。而今本有依据多个版本整理、合校的痕迹。先秦时期《武王践阼》即存在多种传本。从《武王践阼》与《中山王(?)鼎》、《金人铭》等春秋战国时期铭文的关系来看,其最早的起源至少可以追溯到春秋时期,很可能在此以前即已存在相关器物铭文；《武王践阼》的成篇显然和战国时期好托古和古史的再发现有直接联系。从《太公金匮》等太公书中我们发现,先秦时期还存在着一个属于黄老道家与齐学太公望、兵权谋系统的《武王践阼》版本,和以甲本和古“礼记”为代表的儒家系统版本一起构成了《武王践阼》在先秦的两大创制与传承系列。今本可能就是吸收了这两大系列版本的思想与内容杂糅而成的结果。第二章首先对《郑子家丧》甲乙本进行了比勘。在必要的简文释读和文意疏通之后,我们对简书所涉及的郑国子家弑其君郑灵公、郑子家丧、楚庄王率军围郑、晋楚两棠之战等多个历史事件进行了考证和辨析。简文根据需要对史实作了处理,对《春秋》和《左传》中所记录的“春秋”笔法加以肯定,着重阐明了楚庄王以“礼”争霸天下、打败晋国的历史故事,简文可能是要为当代君王为政提供借鉴和参考。所以简书的重心不在记事而在说理。我们推测《郑子家丧》的作者可能是铎椒,甚至就是《铎氏微》中的一篇。简书为研究先秦《左传》学提供了第一手材料。第三章以《君人者何必安哉》为研究对象。在详尽稽考《左传》、《国语》等史籍之后,我们认为简书中的(?)(范)戊、祀(范)乘的确是范无宇。在讨论范无宇的年龄、楚干的子嗣、简书创制时代、楚平王、楚昭王的生平经历、为人、思想性格和历史评价等问题之后,我们认为简书中的“君王”不可能是楚昭王,而应该是楚平王。简文中范戊以玉为喻,表面是称美楚王有三大美德,其实是对君王听信谗言、没能处理好与太子的关系,野心勃勃,不尊重礼乐和百姓利益的做法提出严厉的警告。范戊认为民众才是邦国的根本,君主正是为了满足百姓的意愿而置立的,而不是反过来让百姓为君主的意志服务。我们推测简书创制应该在楚声王以后。第四章讨论《凡物流形》。简书体现了引述、传承和阐释经典的早期学术体例,其中的“问物”、论“物”并不是一个孤立的现象,也不是简单的物理科学问题,而是先秦“形名”学哲学的重要组成部分,简书将对万物生成、流变的疑问和思索同“形”与“名”联系起来正是中国哲学的重要特点。简书的不少内容还同宇宙发生论、古史的再发现与再阐释有直接关系。作为对把握“道”与万物生灭变化的方法和过程的贵“心”说,并不是一个单纯认识论的问题,而是和修身、心性论有密切关系,所以它应该同时继承了早期儒、道两家的某些思想。简书贵“一”、提倡“执一”,是自《老子》、《黄帝四经》以来战国早中期就开始盛行的一种文化现象,简文又把原属于养心、修身和闻“道”的“一”发展为政治哲学上的“一”,并倡言“取天下”、“治天下”,则又与当时追求“王”天下的王道之治以及魏惠王等诸侯相继“称王”的政治运动有密切关联。本文推测简文可能创制于战国中期偏早,其作者为三晋名士：就学派性质而言,简书是受形名学思想影响,以儒道结合为主干,以儒学思想为最后归依的一部著作。第五章着重探讨简书《吴命》。本论文提出两种理解可能。一是简文围绕鲁哀公十年楚军伐陈而吴派延州来季子救陈的历史事件,分作两部分,一部分是吴、楚使者的对话,另一部分是吴国派使者告劳于周王。简序为简8下段+7+2+3+1+简9前段+简9后段+6+8上段+4+5下段；另一种则自简9分作各自独立的两部分,简序与上一种相同,前一部分也是鲁哀公十年楚军伐陈、吴救陈事件中的吴楚使者谈判辞令,后一部分则为《国语·吴语》所记吴晋黄池争霸后王孙苟与周王之间谈话辞令的另一个版本。接着本文讨论了《吴命》与先秦劳礼,并认为《吴命》属于先秦流行的“语”类史书。
[Abstract]:The study of any new unearthed literature needs to be more detailed after the bustle. The systematic discussion of the December.2008, < seven > was officially announced, the academic circles discussed warmly, and the achievements were remarkable in the writing, interpretation and compilation; perhaps because of the short time and the relative lack of literature materials, such as the version of the Jane, the author, the creation age and so on. This paper has not been a good solution to the problem of the literature. This article takes "seven" as the research object, combining relevant literature, on the basis of the existing research achievements in the academic circles, after the discussion of the interpretation of the five simple articles, and the Rediscussion of the compilation of the compilation, and through a solid historical material examination, concentrating on the version of the five simple books, academic style, stylistic and ideological origin. The academic circles, such as inheritance, author, and the age of creation, have not yet been able to think about, or think about many basic problems that have yet to go deep, and try to discover the relationship between them and many academic thoughts and documents in the pre Qin period, so that the development of the history of the early and middle period of the Warring States' academic and ideological history can also be clearly understood.
The introduction gives a brief account of the progress and achievements of the study since the publication of "seven", and defines the object, scope and emphasis of this article, and explains the significance and methods of the study.
The first chapter is the object of the study. According to the comparison and reading of the first and the present, we judge that the book may belong to the works before the great heat of Huang Di, and the Huang emperor has not been raised to the Emperor Yao, Shun, Yu and so on. The virtuous and virtuous man can be applied to the "Tao" of the hundred generations, and to raise the position of the prince of the Tai Gong, and like the works of the Tai Gong Jin Kui, the six Tao, and so on. The earliest origins of the spring and Autumn Period inscriptions on the inscriptions of the period of the spring and Autumn Warring States period, such as the king of the Zhongshan King (?), in the spring and Autumn period of the Warring States period, can be traced back to the spring and Autumn period, and it is likely that the inscription on the related objects has existed before this; the chapter of "Wu Wang Jian" is clearly connected with the rediscovery of the good ancient and ancient history of the Warring States period. We found that in the pre Qin period there was a version of the "Wu Wang Jian" version, which belonged to the Huang Lao Taoist family and the military power system. Together with the Confucian version and the ancient "book of Rites", it formed the two major creation and inheritance series of "Wu Wang Jian" in the pre Qin period. This is probably the absorption of the two series of editions. The result of a mixture of thought and content.
The second chapter makes a comparison of the "Zheng Zi family bereavement" and the first. After the necessary brief interpretation of the text and the dredging of the text, we have examined and discriminated several historical events, such as the Zheng Guozi family, who died in Jane's house, Zheng Zijia mourning, the funeral of the king of Chu Zhuang and the war of two in Jin Chu, and so on. The writing method of "spring and Autumn" recorded in "spring and Autumn" and "Zuo Zhuan >" was affirmed, and it was emphasized that the king of Chu, who fought for hegemony in the world and defeated the historical story of Jin State, may be a reference and reference for the contemporary king for political affairs. Therefore, the focus of the book is not to remember. Duo Jiao is even an article in duo's micro. The book provides first-hand materials for studying the study of Zuo Zhuan in pre Qin Dynasty.
After the exhaustive examination of historical records such as "Zuo Zhuan >", "Guoyu >" and other historical records, the third chapter considers that in Jane's book (fan) Amy and worship (fan) is indeed fan Wu Yu. In the discussion of Fan Wuyu's age, Chu Kun's son, the creation age of Jane, Chu Ping Wang, Chu Zhao Wang's life experience, human, ideological character and historical evaluation. After such problems, we believe that the king in the book can not be king Chu, but Chu Ping Wang.
The surface is the three great virtues of the king of the United States. In fact, it is a serious warning to the king of the king, who is not able to deal with the relationship between the prince and the prince, and is ambitious and disrespectful of the interests of the people. Not in turn makes the people serve the will of the monarchy.
We speculate that the creation of Jane's book should be after the king of Chu.
The fourth chapter discusses the "manifold". Jane embodies the early academic style of introduction, inheritance and interpretation of classics. The "question" is not an isolated phenomenon, not a simple physical science problem, but an important part of the philosophy of "shape and name" in the pre Qin period. It is an important feature of Chinese philosophy to link with the "shape" and "name". Many of the contents of the book are also directly related to the cosmological theory, the rediscovery and reinterpretation of the ancient history. The theory of mind has a close relationship, so it should inherit at the same time the ideas of the early Confucianism and the Taoist two. Jane is a "one" and advocates "one". It is a cultural phenomenon that has begun to prevail in the early and middle period of the Warring States period since the "Lao Zi >" and "the four classics of the Yellow Emperor". The first "one" and the advocacy of "taking the world" and "governing the world" were closely related to the political movement of "King" of Wei Hui Wang and other princes of Wei Hui Wang at that time.
This article speculates that Jane may be created in the early period of the Warring States period. The author is the famous scholar of the three Jin Dynasty. As for the nature of the school, Jane is a book which is influenced by the thought of form and name, the combination of Confucianism and Taoism as the backbone, and the final return of Confucianism.
The fifth chapter focuses on Jane's < Wu's life >. This thesis puts forward two possible understandings. One is that Jane's historical events around Lu's ten years of Chu army and Wu Po Yan to save Chen are divided into two parts, part of which are Wu, Chu messenger's dialogue, and the other part of the Wu state envoy to the king of Zhou. In the latter section of the +6+8 section of the lower section of +4+5 in the latter section of +6+8, the other is from Jane 9 to two separate parts, and the first part is the same as the previous one. The former part is also the speech of Wu Chu messenger in Wu rescue and Chen's incident, and the latter part is the speech between Wang Sungou and Zhou Wang after Wu Jin Huang Chi is contending for hegemony. Then, this article discusses Wu life and Lao Li in pre Qin Dynasty, and holds that "Wu life" belongs to the "language" history books that were popular in the pre Qin period.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K877

【引证文献】