金刚界曼荼罗与新的八大灵塔信仰的融合:朝阳北塔塔身浮雕研究

发布时间：2018-05-30 11:34

本文选题：朝阳北塔 + 金刚界四方佛　；参考：《故宫博物院院刊》2017年02期

【摘要】：本文分析了朝阳北塔浮雕的图像内涵和造型特征,并考察了其历史背景和影响。辽重熙十一至十三年,在该塔外面新制作了金刚界四方佛、八大灵塔和供养菩萨等浮雕。作者通过对这些图像题材和造型的分析,认为该塔浮雕组合表现了以毗卢遮那佛为中心的金刚界曼荼罗,融合了新的八大灵塔信仰。其中,金刚界四方佛的五佛冠体现了辽代独有的造型特征和宗教意义,而八大灵塔基于与佛顶尊胜陀罗尼信仰结合而盛行的辽代独有信仰,其塔名来自《大乘本生心地观经》。另外,该塔供养菩萨像反映了金刚界密宗的原则和信仰。通过供养菩萨手持之莲花枝柄香炉,可知这种器型由辽传播至高丽的历史事实。最后,作者分析了辽宁朝阳地区的宗教发展历史和朝阳北塔对其他辽塔的影响,认为朝阳北塔浮雕当为辽代金刚界密宗复兴的开端,对八大灵塔信仰在辽境内的传播起到了重大作用。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the image connotation and modeling features of the North Chaoyang Tower are analyzed, and its historical background and influence are investigated. Liao Zhongxi 11-13 years in the tower outside the new square Buddha, the eight Great Pagoda and worship Bodhisattva and other relief. Based on the analysis of these images, the author thinks that the embossed Pagoda represents the Emery mandala centered on Pilutjana Buddha, and integrates the new belief of the eight great pagodas. Among them, the five Buddha crowns of the four Buddhas of the Kumgang realm embody the unique modeling characteristics and religious significance of the Liao Dynasty, while the eight Great Ling Towers are based on the unique beliefs of the Liao Dynasty which are combined with the belief of the Buddha Dingzun Shitoroni, whose name comes from "Mahayana's view of the heart and the earth". In addition, the pagoda provides for bodhisattvas that reflect the principles and beliefs of the Emery tantrums. The historical fact that this type of vessel was spread from Liao to Korea can be seen by offering the incense stove with lotus branch handle held by Bodhisattva. Finally, the author analyzes the history of religious development in Chaoyang area of Liaoning Province and the influence of Chaoyang North Tower on other Liao pagodas. It played an important role in spreading the belief of the eight Great Ling pagodas in Liao Dynasty.
【作者单位】：清华大学美术学院;

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