山西晋城青莲寺古代泥塑土性能研究

发布时间：2018-05-30 22:48

本文选题：青莲寺 + 泥塑土　；参考：《西北大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：青莲寺位于山西省晋城市,保存有唐末宋初至明清泥塑六十余尊。这些泥塑具有极高价值。针对青莲寺泥塑土性能的研究,能够加深对古代泥塑土用料与工艺的认识,为泥塑文物保护修复提供参考。泥塑土的成分分析结果显示：粗泥层添加麦秆、细泥层添加棉花,粗泥层纤维质量分数大于细泥层。微观形貌上,麦秆多为直径较粗带有条纹的薄片,棉纤维为直径较细的卷曲带状。泥塑土料分为黄色土与红色土。红色土相比黄色土,粗粒径颗粒与石英含量高,方解石、高岭石、绿泥石含量低。利用化学元素含量Al/Ca比与Fe/Ca比也能区分两种土料。以红色土塑造泥塑,一般进行过筛处理,其细泥层掺入一定砂粒。以黄色土塑造泥塑,一般掺砂,粗泥层掺入量大于细泥层。细泥层显微结构为片状密集胶结,粗泥层为片—粒状镶嵌胶结,这一差异与捶打压光的工艺有关。泥塑土可溶盐中SO42-与Ca2+量较自然土高,应与当地水质高硬度高硫酸盐有关,这对其性能与保存应具有积极意义。泥塑土性能模拟实验结果显示：随粗粒径颗粒含量增高,红色土强度与收缩性改善,塑性减弱；黄色土收缩性减弱。随着黏土矿物中高岭石比例增高,红色土塑性减弱,强度先增强后减弱。掺入可溶盐后,红色土塑性增强。掺杂纤维对泥塑土的收缩性均有改善,且棉花的改善效应略优于麦秆。红色土塑性与强度均优于黄色土,黄色土收缩性优于红色土。红色土与黄色土性能的差异性应由粗粒径颗粒含量与黏土矿物中高岭石比例共同决定。青莲寺泥塑土用料包括土料、净砂、纤维与带有微量可溶盐的水,其工艺包括过筛、掺砂、掺杂纤维与捶打压光。通过文献研究与青莲寺泥塑土研究,古代泥塑土层位应为“抓糙—衬泥—中泥—细泥”,不同层位泥塑土性能要求、用料与工艺均不同。
[Abstract]:Qinglian Temple is located in Jincheng, Shanxi Province, preserving more than 60 clay statues from late Tang to early Song and Ming and Qing dynasties. These clay sculptures are of great value. The study on the properties of clay sculpture soil in Qinglian Temple can deepen the understanding of the materials and techniques used in ancient clay sculpture soil and provide a reference for the preservation and restoration of clay sculpture relics. The results of composition analysis of clay show that the fiber content of coarse mud layer is higher than that of fine mud layer when wheat straw is added to coarse mud layer and cotton is added to fine mud layer. In the microscopic morphology, the wheat stalk is mostly thin with stripes in diameter, and the cotton fiber is curled with fine diameter. Clay is divided into yellow soil and red soil. Compared with yellow soil, red soil has higher content of coarse particle and quartz, lower content of calcite, kaolinite and chlorite. The Al/Ca ratio and Fe/Ca ratio of chemical element content can also be used to distinguish two kinds of soil materials. Mold clay sculpture with red soil, generally sieve treatment, its fine clay layer mixed with certain sand. The clay sculpture is molded in yellow soil, generally mixed with sand, and the mixing amount of coarse mud layer is larger than that of fine mud layer. The microstructure of the fine clay layer is lamellar dense cemented and the coarse mud layer is lamellar-granular mosaic cemented. This difference is related to the process of beating and pressing. The content of so _ 4 _ 2- and Ca2 in clay is higher than that in natural soil, and it should be related to the high hardness and high sulfate of local water quality, which should be of positive significance to its performance and preservation. The experimental results show that the strength and shrinkage of red soil and yellow soil decrease with the increase of coarse particle content. With the increase of kaolinite ratio in clay minerals, the plasticity of red soil decreases, and the strength increases first and then weakens. The plasticity of red soil was enhanced with the addition of soluble salt. The shrinkage of mud-plastic soil was improved by doped fiber, and the improvement effect of cotton was slightly better than that of wheat straw. The plasticity and strength of red soil are better than yellow soil, and the shrinkage of yellow soil is better than that of red soil. The difference between red soil and yellow soil is determined by the content of coarse particle size and the ratio of kaolinite in clay minerals. Qingliansi clay soil material includes soil material, clean sand, fiber and water with trace soluble salt. The process includes sifting, mixing sand, doped fiber and hammering calendering. According to the literature study and the study of clay sculpture soil in Qingliansi, the ancient clay sculpture soil layer should be "grabbing roughness, lining mud, medium mud and fine mud", and the performance requirements, materials and technology of different layers of clay sculpture soil should be different.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：K879.3

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