西北书信汉简研究

发布时间：2018-06-05 22:55

本文选题：西北汉简 + 书信　；参考：《郑州大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：书信是传递信息、交流情感的一种方式,一种应用文体,其历史可追溯到先秦时期。汉代书信主要载于传世文献和出土的简帛中,且书信数量多,内容广,具有重要的史料价值。近年来出土的简帛中含有大量书信简,尤其西北地区出土的汉代简帛为进一步深入研究汉代书信提供了珍贵的史料。汉代简帛书信有助于研究当时书信的形制、封检题署、传递方式、书写版式、结构与习惯用语、称谓方式等,且书信简所涉及史实是研究汉代历史的重要资料。将书信简分类整合,将书信简中人际交往内容分三类,就其所涉及的内容和传递的情感作具体探析;书信简所见的有关书信的称谓有“书”与“记”之别,这种差别反映了汉代的书仪;西北书信汉简所见的社会问题有“茭”、“僦”与“僦人”,通过对具体问题加以分析,从而更深入地了解汉代西北地区的社会生活。西北书信汉简中所见人际交往内容可分为官吏间、友人间、亲人间书信往来,以书信中所涉及的史实如整治河道、制作名籍、处理公务、管理杂务、借取衣物、交流情感、代办事务、问候近况、捎带物品作为主要内容加以分析考究西北地区社会生活,探究书信中所包含的私人情感。西北书信汉简所见的书信称谓有“书”与“记”之别,通过对比分析传世文献和出土简帛书信中对书信称谓的差别可知传世文献所载书信主要以“书”表达书信义,而简帛书信中用“书”与“记”表达书信义,这与书写者的文化程度、用语习惯,所处时代、地区有一定的联系。“书”与“记”在简帛书信中具体用法和表达方式多样,体现了当时的用语习惯和书仪文化。西北书信汉简所见社会问题一是“茭”,茭是一种草料,计量单位有“束”和“石”两种。茭草由大司农严格管理,对茭的质量、运输、使用有特定的要求,且有专门的记录出茭、伐茭、积茭、余茭的集簿。书信中出现买卖茭草与当时的需求量和要求相关。西北书信汉简所社会问题二是“僦”与“僦人”,“僦”与“僦人”汉代西北地区对运输业和从事运输工作人员的称呼,从事运输工作的多为普通百姓且大多生活在边塞附近。僦人既可受雇于官府,也可受雇于私人。汉代政府对运输业和运输人员有特定的管理方法,对出入车辆、运输货物、运输人员和费用严格登记,制簿籍逐层上报。
[Abstract]:Letter is a way of transmitting information and communicating emotion, a kind of applied style, whose history can be traced back to the pre-Qin period. The letters of the Han Dynasty are mainly contained in the handed down documents and unearthed silk, and they are of great historical value because of their large number and wide contents. The bamboo slips unearthed in recent years contain a large number of letters, especially those unearthed in the northwest of the Han Dynasty, which provide valuable historical materials for further study of the letters of the Han Dynasty. The letters of the Han Dynasty are helpful to the study of the form of the letters, the sealing of the letters, the way of transmission, the form of writing, the structure and idiom, the way of appellation and so on, and the historical facts involved in the letters are important materials for the study of the history of the Han Dynasty. The brief of letters is classified and integrated, the contents of interpersonal communication are divided into three categories, and the contents involved and the emotions transmitted are analyzed concretely, and the titles of the letters are different from those of "books" and "records". This kind of difference reflects the book instrument of Han Dynasty, and the social problems seen in the northwestern letters of Han slips include "Zizao", "a sign" and "a sign". Through the analysis of the specific problems, the social life in the northwest of the Han Dynasty can be better understood. The contents of interpersonal communication can be divided into government officials, friends and relatives. The historical facts involved in the letters are as follows: renovating the river, making famous books, handling official duties, managing chores, borrowing clothes, and exchanging feelings. Agency affairs, greeting the recent situation, piggyback items as the main content to analyze the social life in Northwest China, to explore the personal feelings contained in the letters. The appellations of the letters in the Chinese slips of the Northwest Epistles are different from those in "Books" and "Notes". By comparing and analyzing the difference between the appellations of letters in handed down documents and those in unearthed letters of bamboo slips, we can see that the letters contained in the handed down documents are mainly "books" to express the letter's faithfulness. However, in the letters of bamboo and silk, the book and the book are used to express the faith of the book, which is related to the writer's cultural level, the usage of the language, the era and the region of the writer. The usage and expression of "Shu" and "Ji" in the letters of silk and silk were various, which reflected the idioms and culture of calligraphy. One of the social problems seen in the Han slips of the Northwest Letters is "Zizania", which is a kind of forage. There are two kinds of units of measurement: "bundle" and "stone". The quality, transportation and use of the wild rice are strictly managed by the farmers, and there are special records of the quality, transportation and use of the wild rice. The occurrence of the sale of Zizania latifolia in the letter was related to the demand and requirements at that time. The second social problem in the Northwest letter slips is "sign" and "sign", "sign" and "sign". In the Han Dynasty, the northwestern region called transportation and transportation workers. Most of the people engaged in transportation work are ordinary people and most of them live near the frontier fortress. A person may be employed either by the Crown or by a private person. The government of the Han Dynasty had specific management methods for transportation and transportation personnel, and strictly registered the vehicles, goods, transportation personnel and expenses in and out of the country, and reported the books layer by layer.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：K877.5

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