中国古代琉璃瓦初探

发布时间：2018-06-16 13:00

本文选题：琉璃 + 琉璃瓦　；参考：《南京大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：琉璃瓦作为我国古代建筑的重要构成元素,它伴随着皇家建筑而生,是我国古代建筑礼制的重要组成部分。建筑琉璃技术和琉璃瓦虽然不是起源于中国,但是中国古代琉璃瓦在形制标准化、制作技艺及使用方法方面有很多独特性的创造。这有两个原因：一是我国古代低温釉陶烧制技艺的进步,二是我国古代制瓦技艺的发展。本文正文部分由四部分组成,分述如下：第一部分梳理了琉璃瓦的历史源流。据考古发掘,从北魏时期开始,中国古代的宫殿建筑和皇家寺庙建筑已开始使用琉璃瓦,历经隋、唐、宋、元,琉璃瓦的种类不断增加,烧制技术已臻成熟,出现了专门烧制琉璃瓦的窑口。至明清时期,琉璃瓦的烧制技艺达到了顶峰,琉璃瓦件制作已经趋于标准化,琉璃瓦的生产也初具规模化。第二部分,在类型学的分析中,笔者主要以明代的琉璃瓦为研究对象,因为在明代,琉璃瓦进入了它的全盛期。这一时期琉璃瓦的生产,无论数量或质量都超过过去任何朝代,官式建筑已经高度标准化、定型化,瓦的色彩、题材均有严格规定,因此对明代琉璃瓦的分型研究具有较大的意义。第三部分是关于琉璃瓦的窑业技术。主要从琉璃窑、琉璃瓦的烧造流程以及琉璃瓦的主要产地分布三方面阐述了琉璃瓦窑艺技术的硬件基础与发展状况。据已经发掘的琉璃窑资料,以南京聚宝山明代琉璃窑为代表,剖析了琉璃窑的结构以及烧窑方式。在琉璃瓦的烧造流程这一部分中,详细介绍了琉璃瓦的制胎、配釉、烧成各个流程。根据历史文献的记载以及考古实物资料,梳理了明代及以前的琉璃瓦的主要产地分布。第四部分是建筑礼制。琉璃瓦至少在明清时期已形成系统的建筑礼制。这一部分主要从琉璃瓦的使用范围、琉璃瓦的色彩等级、琉璃瓦的构件规制等三方面阐述了这一礼制的具体内涵。琉璃瓦的使用和封建等级制度是紧密相连的,在某种程度上构成了封建王朝的建筑礼制体系。
[Abstract]:Glazed tile is an important component of ancient architecture in China. Although the building glazed tile and glazed tile are not originated in China, there are many unique creations in the form standardization, manufacture technique and use method of the glazed tile in ancient China. There are two reasons for this: one is the progress of ancient low-temperature glaze pottery sintering technology, the other is the development of ancient Chinese tile making technology. This paper is composed of four parts: the first part combs the history of glazed tiles. According to archaeological excavations, since the Northern Wei Dynasty, ancient Chinese palaces and royal temple buildings have begun to use glazed tiles. After Sui, Tang, Song, Yuan, and glazed tiles, the firing technology has matured. There is a special firing glazed tile kiln mouth. To the Ming and Qing dynasties, glazed tile firing technology reached its peak, glazed tile production has become standardized, glazed tile production has begun to take shape. In the second part, in the analysis of typology, the author takes the glazed tile of the Ming Dynasty as the research object, because in the Ming Dynasty, the glazed tile entered its heyday. In this period, the production of glazed tiles was higher in quantity and quality than in any previous dynasty. Official buildings had been highly standardized, formalized, and the color and subject matter of tiles were strictly regulated. Therefore, the research on the classification of glazed tile in Ming Dynasty is of great significance. The third part is about the kiln industry technology of glazed tile. The hardware foundation and development status of glazed tile kiln technology are expounded from three aspects: the firing process of glazed tile and the distribution of glazed tile. According to the data of glass kilns which have been excavated, the structure and firing mode of glaze kilns are analyzed in the Ming Dynasty of Jubaoshan, Nanjing. In this part of firing process of glazed tile, the tire making, glazing and firing process are introduced in detail. Based on the historical records and archaeological material data, the main distribution of glazed tiles in Ming Dynasty and before was combed. The fourth part is architecture etiquette. Glazed tiles at least in the Ming and Qing dynasties have formed a system of building etiquette. This part mainly expounds the concrete connotation of this ritual system from three aspects: the use range of glazed tile, the color grade of glazed tile and the component regulation of glazed tile. The use of glazed tiles is closely related to the feudal hierarchy system, and to some extent constitutes the feudal building ceremony system.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K876.3

【引证文献】