古“凿齿民”写照:史前獠牙人头像玉雕属性考——兼释史前东南方拔牙习俗与古“凿齿民”形象之矛盾

发布时间：2018-06-18 04:39

本文选题：大汶口文化 + 山东龙山文化　；参考：《文史哲》2015年04期

【摘要】：主要分布在山东中南部的大汶口文化、山东龙山文化、苏南浙北以及皖鄂一带的良渚文化墓葬中出土人骨标本中常见被拔牙的情况,许多学者将这种现象与古文献中所说的"凿齿"民相对应,认为其族属为"凿齿"部族,其地域分布也就在古代的东夷部族。但古文献中"凿齿"民的古训注还说"凿齿"民有五六尺或三尺的长牙。今学者多对此加以否定,认为是误传。但根据出土于山东龙山文化或传世的玉雕人头像中,往往在口部有很长的上下獠牙形状,笔者认为这种獠牙人头像玉雕正是古代传说中的"凿齿"民:拔牙习俗与"凿齿"的名义相呼应,而拔牙或"凿齿"后是为了在拔牙的部位装上动物的长獠牙。这种刻有上下长獠牙的玉雕人头像,反映了鲁中南苏北大汶口文化、山东龙山文化等地区拔牙习俗的居民的形状特征,这些居民亦即古文献中所说的被东夷羿部族打败后南迁的"凿齿"部族。
[Abstract]:It is mainly distributed in the Dawenkou culture in the central and southern part of Shandong, in the Longshan culture in Shandong, in the Liangzhu culture tombs in the southern Jiangsu and northern Zhejiang provinces, and in the Liangzhu culture tombs in the area of Anhui and Hubei. Many scholars correspond this phenomenon to the people who called "gouging teeth" in ancient literature, and consider that their clan belongs to "gouge tooth" tribe, and their geographical distribution is also in the ancient Dongyi tribe. But in the ancient literature, the ancient motto of "gouging" people also said that "gouge" people have five to six feet or three feet of long teeth. Many scholars deny this and regard it as misinformation. However, according to the jade sculptures unearthed from the culture of Longshan in Shandong Province or handed down from ancient times, they often have long upper and lower tusks in the mouth. The author thinks that this kind of fangs head like jade carving is the ancient legend of "cut teeth" people: extraction custom and "cut teeth" in the name of echo, and after extraction or "cut teeth" is to install the long tusks in the extraction of the part of the animal. This jade statue, carved with long tusks, reflects the shape characteristics of the residents of Dawenkou culture in central, southern Jiangsu, northern Jiangsu, and Longshan culture in Shandong Province. These residents, the ancient literature said Dongyi Yi tribe after the defeat of the south of the "gouge" tribe.
【作者单位】：陕西师范大学历史文化学院;
【分类号】：K878.8

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