公元前9世纪至公元前6世纪犹大古国陶器标准化与社会复杂化

发布时间：2018-06-25 20:21

本文选题：铁器时代中晚期 + 犹大　；参考：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：在缺乏陶窑和陶拍等直接证据时,陶器标准化是研究生产专业化和社会复杂化的重要途径。前人的研究表明生产专业化和社会复杂化之间存在联系。社会复杂化程度增加伴随着生产专业化的确立和发展。这一方面反映在陶器种类的增加,尤其是标志社会身份的贵重陶器增多。另一方面体现在陶器标准化程度的提高,并多以日用普通陶器为主。近年来,随着陶器标准化问题研究的深入,相关理论日臻完善。根据考古材料进行的个案研究使得陶器标准化研究逐步挣脱了民族学的束缚,逐步形成了本学科体系下陶器标准化的定义、判断标准和研究侧重点。铁器时代中晚期,黎凡特南部的犹大经历了区域政治集团联合体、国家雏形、成熟国家、新亚述帝国附属国四个阶段。犹大古国的卵形罐是进行陶器标准化研究的重要对象,其标准化进程贯穿了犹大国家形成的整个过程。通过对公元前9世纪至公元前6世纪犹大古国卵形罐的标准化进程的分析,有利于对以下几个问题进行探讨:第一、陶器标准化是一个连续的过程而非一个突然性事件,在国家形成阶段前后呈现出哪些不同的特征?第二、如何对卵形罐标准化体现出的特征进行历史阐释?第三、铁器时代中晚期,陶器标准化反映出犹大生产方式和社会生产组织的哪些变化?以犹大古国的卵形罐为个案,通过对上述三个问题的讨论,旨在反思陶器标准化和社会复杂化的关系。本文主要分为六个部分:第一部分,绪论。从田野工作和陶器研究两个方面入手,简要介绍了犹大地区的研究简史,并阐述本文的研究目的和方法。第二部分,地理环境背景。介绍了犹大古国的地理位置、古地貌、古气候三个方面的内容,为后文的分析提供自然环境背景。第三部分,犹大古国遗址的年代与分期。该部分梳理了"传统定年派"和"下限定年派"关于犹大各遗址绝对年代的争论,并分析了铁器时代中晚期各阶段犹大古国典型遗址的典型器物。第四部分,犹大古国陶器标准化的进程。该部分为核心章节,主要讨论了两大方面的内容。第一部分主要介绍和评价了现阶段陶器标准化的理论、分析方法和研究方法。第二部分分析了 3型6式卵形罐在铁器时代各阶段标准化程度的变化。此外,笔者着重分析了标准化程度较高的1mlk陶罐和花瓣印纹陶罐,探讨了两类陶罐的使用年代和分布特征,及其生产、流通和消费情况。第五部分,犹大古国的陶器标准化与社会复杂化。介绍了公元前9世纪至公元前6世纪犹大古国卵形罐标准化的特征,并提出了历史阐释。最后,从理论和个案分析中总结了陶器标准化和社会复杂化的关系。第六部分,结语。对论文研究结果进行总结和概括,并总结本文研究中存在的问题。
[Abstract]:In the absence of direct evidence, pottery standardization is an important way to study the specialization of production and the complication of society. Previous studies have shown that there is a link between production specialization and social complexity. The increase of social complexity is accompanied by the establishment and development of production specialization. This is reflected in the increase in the variety of pottery, especially in the number of valuable pottery that symbolize social identity. On the other hand, the improvement of the standardization of pottery, and the daily use of common pottery mainly. In recent years, with the further study of the standardization of pottery, the relevant theories are becoming more and more perfect. The case study based on archaeological materials makes the study of pottery standardization break free from the bondage of ethnology, and gradually form the definition, judgment standard and research emphasis of pottery standardization under the discipline system. In the middle and late iron age, Judas in the south of Levant underwent four stages: regional political conglomerate, national embryonic form, mature country, and new Assyrian state. The oval pot of ancient Judas is the important object of the research on the standardization of pottery, and its standardization process runs through the whole process of the formation of Judas country. Through the analysis of the process of standardization of egg shaped pots in ancient Judas from the 9th century BC to the sixth century BC, it is helpful to discuss the following problems: first, the standardization of pottery is a continuous process rather than a sudden event. What are the different characteristics before and after the stage of national formation? Secondly, how to explain the characteristics of the oval canister standardization? Third, in the middle and late iron age, what changes did the pottery standardization reflect in Judas production mode and social production organization? Taking the oval pots of ancient Judas as an example, the discussion of the above three problems aims to reflect on the relationship between the standardization of pottery and the complication of society. This article is divided into six parts: the first part, introduction. Starting with field work and pottery research, this paper briefly introduces the research history of Judas region, and expounds the purpose and method of this paper. The second part, geographical environment background. This paper introduces the geographical location, paleogeomorphology and paleoclimate of ancient Judas, and provides the natural environment background for the later analysis. The third part is about the ages and stages of the ancient ruins of Judas. This part combs the debates about the absolute ages of the various sites in Judas and analyzes the typical artifacts of the typical sites of ancient Judas in the middle and late stages of the Iron Age. The fourth part, the process of standardization of ancient Judas pottery. This part is the core chapter, mainly discusses two aspects of the content. The first part mainly introduces and evaluates the theory, analysis method and research method of pottery standardization. In the second part, the change of standardization degree of 3-type 6-type oval tank in iron age is analyzed. In addition, the author emphatically analyzes the 1mlk pottery pots and petal printed pottery pots with high standardization, and probes into the age and distribution characteristics of the two types of pots, as well as the production, circulation and consumption of the two types of pots. The fifth part is the standardization and social complication of pottery in ancient Judas. This paper introduces the characteristics of the standardization of egg-shaped pots in ancient Judas from the 9th century BC to the 6th century BC, and puts forward a historical explanation. Finally, the relationship between pottery standardization and social complication is summarized from theory and case analysis. The sixth part, conclusion. This paper summarizes the research results and summarizes the existing problems in this paper.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K878

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