故宫养心殿区域建筑彩画病害勘查及环境影响因素研究

发布时间：2018-06-27 01:33

本文选题：建筑遗产保护 + 故宫养心殿　；参考：《北京建筑大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：本研究依托于“养心殿研究性保护项目”,对养心殿区域的彩画病害进行详细的调查与记录分析,开发出“数字化彩画系统”对彩画病害进行数位化记录统计,总结出一套适用于故宫彩画病害的勘查记录方法;通过对养心殿区域燕喜堂试点进行的微环境监测,探索环境因素对彩画造成的影响,并根据试点监测结果,以探索一套适用于养心殿全区域的微环境监测方案。本研究通过现场勘查、测绘、计算机统计的方法,以燕喜堂为勘查对象,总结了养心殿区域常见的16种病害类型,并分析了各种病害的分布情况。综合燕喜堂彩画病害现状及内外檐彩画修复实验需求,在廊外、廊内、后外檐、室内前檐、白樘篦子上方选取5个监测点进行微环境监测,获得温度、相对湿度、照度、紫外照度数值,比较几个点的微环境数值差异,发现在监测时间(冬季)内:各点白天温度差异较大,室外明显高于室内,且室外三点中廊外高于后檐高于廊内,晚上温度差异较小,室外明显低于室内,且室外三点中后檐低于廊外低于廊内,室内的温度差异较小;相对湿度的变化与温度有关,在监测时间内同一监测点的相对湿度变化一般与温度变化成反比例关系,室内的相对湿度一般高于室外且变化幅度较小,室外相对湿度变化较大,在发生降雪时明显高于室内;监测时间内,后檐的光照一般强于廊外强于廊内,但光照直接照射到廊外测量点时,出现短时间的峰值,高于后檐光照。室内两点光照很小;紫外线与光照变化特征类似。室内两点检测不到紫外线的存在,室外三点中,后檐高于廊外高于廊内。廊外的紫外照度是廊内的29.1倍。对燕喜堂微环境数值进行分析,综合既有研究结论,总结出在燕喜堂彩画病害中,紫外线是导致颜料褪色的主要原因,温湿度的变化对颜料的变色影响较小,但会造成彩画的开裂、龟裂、起翘、空鼓等病害;尽管自然条件下微环境的变化对彩画产生的破坏作用缓慢,但温度、相对湿度、光照、紫外线等长期作用,仍会使彩画形成多种病害。水渍冲刷对彩画造成的伤害,比由于降水引起的湿度变化对彩画造成的影响更大,更快速。总结燕喜堂的微环境监测内容,认为基本达到了预监测的目的,所得数值可以反映该位置彩画的基本环境情况。总结预监测的经验与不足,本论文通过对彩画病害进行进一步的分级分类并对每级每类的病害进行微环境监测,通过微环境监测数值的比较,获得长时间环境因素作用对彩画病害产生的影响。提出一套解决彩画病害成因分析、修复验收、日常监测为一体的长期监测方案,为该区域可能进行的微环境监测研究进行了初步探索。
[Abstract]:This research relies on the "Yangxin Dian Research Protection Project", carries on the detailed investigation and the record analysis to the Yangxin Dian area color painting disease, develops "the digital color painting system" to carry on the digitization record statistics to the color painting disease, This paper summarizes a set of survey and record methods suitable for The Imperial Palace color painting diseases, explores the influence of environmental factors on color paintings by monitoring the microenvironment of Yanxitang pilot project in Yangxindian area, and according to the results of the pilot monitoring, In order to explore a set of micro-environment monitoring program suitable for the whole area of Yangxin Dian. Based on the methods of on-the-spot survey, surveying and mapping, computer statistics, and taking Yan Xitang as the exploration object, this study summarized 16 common disease types in Yangxindian area and analyzed the distribution of various diseases. According to the present situation of Yanxitang color painting and the experimental demand of repairing the inner and outer eaves, 5 monitoring points were selected to monitor the microenvironment outside the gallery, inside the corridor, the back eaves, the indoor front eaves, and the outside eaves of the house, so as to obtain the temperature, relative humidity and illuminance. The value of ultraviolet illumination was compared with the values of microenvironment at several points. It was found that in the monitoring time (winter), the temperature of each point varied greatly during the day, and the outdoor temperature was obviously higher than that of the indoor, and the outdoor three point outside the corridor was higher than the back eaves higher than the corridor. At night, the temperature difference is small, the outdoor temperature is obviously lower than that of the indoor, and the outdoor eaves are lower than the corridor outside at three o'clock, and the indoor temperature difference is smaller, and the change of relative humidity is related to the temperature. The change of relative humidity in the same monitoring point is inversely proportional to the change of temperature in the monitoring time. The indoor relative humidity is generally higher than that outside and the range of variation is small, and the change of outdoor relative humidity is larger, and the change of indoor relative humidity is obviously higher than that of indoor when snow falls. During the monitoring period, the illumination of the back eaves is generally stronger than that of the verandas, but when the light is directly irradiated to the measuring points outside the corridors, there is a short time peak value, which is higher than that of the back eaves. The indoor two-point illumination is very small; the ultraviolet ray and the illumination change characteristic are similar. UV rays could not be detected at two points in the room, and in the outdoor three points, the eaves were higher than those outside the corridors. The UV illumination outside the gallery is 29.1 times higher than that in the gallery. By analyzing the value of Yanxitang microenvironment, synthesizing the existing research conclusions, it is concluded that ultraviolet ray is the main cause of pigment fading, and the change of temperature and humidity has little effect on pigment discoloration. But it will cause cracks, warps, empty drums and other diseases in color paintings. Although the changes in the microenvironment under natural conditions have a slow destructive effect on color paintings, temperature, relative humidity, light, ultraviolet rays and other long-term effects, Still can cause color painting to form a variety of diseases. The damage caused by the watermark scour to the color painting is greater and faster than the change of humidity caused by the precipitation. The content of micro-environment monitoring in Yan Xitang is summarized. It is considered that the purpose of pre-monitoring has been basically achieved and the value obtained can reflect the basic environmental situation of the color painting in this position. This paper summarizes the experience and shortcomings of pre-monitoring, through the further classification of color painting diseases and the micro-environmental monitoring of each class of diseases, through the comparison of micro-environmental monitoring values. The effect of long time environmental factors on the color painting disease is obtained. In this paper, a long-term monitoring scheme is put forward to solve the cause analysis, repair acceptance and daily monitoring of color painting diseases, and a preliminary exploration is made for the possible microenvironment monitoring research in this area.
【学位授予单位】：北京建筑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K879.1;TU-851

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