定州竹简《论语》的特点与文献价值

发布时间：2018-07-02 23:01

本文选题：论语 + 孔子遗说　；参考：《曲阜师范大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 1973年发掘的定州八角廊汉墓,经专家鉴定后确认墓主为西汉时期中山怀王刘修,由于刘修死于汉宣帝五凤三年,即公元前55年,所以定州竹简本《论语》是目前已知最早的《论语》西汉抄本原件。虽然简本《论语》已经不是一个完整的本子,但仍然有很高的研究价值。正确认识孔子思想,对于正确理解儒家文化和传统文化有至关重要的意义,而研究孔子思想,《论语》是最重要的典籍之一。孔子的去世后,作为记载孔子语录的《论语》受到的关注更多。人们对于孔子持有不同的认识态度,也是由于对孔子遗说的不同认识造成的。所谓“孔子遗说”,指关于孔子言论的直接材料,孔子秉承“述而不作,信而好古”的文化主张,孔子弟子记录并阐发孔子学说,我们今天能够得见这么多孔子论述,首先应当归功于孔子弟子。孔子学说博大精深,弟子们虽一同学习,精通的领域也各不相同。且孔子一生中的不同阶段好学的方向也不相同,孔子“晚而喜《易》”、“老而好《易》”,入门时间的早晚也造成了弟子们学术方向的不同。孔子去世后“儒分为八”,准确的来说,这不能叫做派别的分化。无论孔门后学怎样的传承转变,其思想本源都来自于孔子的思想,其核心理念是相同的。 “孔子遗说”流传到秦汉之际又产生了新的流传状况,长久以来,史料关于《齐论》、《鲁论》、《古论》的记载都出现在汉武帝以后。简本《论语》避汉高祖刘邦的名讳,由此认为简本是在汉初的时候便已经形成,但此时三《论》尚未出现。今本《论语》来源于张禹的《张侯论》,都属于《鲁论》系统,简本篇目与今本同,且字数与今本相差无几,因此简本的《鲁论》属性更强一些,且简本中,“从鲁”的地方也颇多。因此笔者作出判断,简本《论语》是汉高祖时期三《论》名称出现之前,并且融合了三《论》各自的特点,而其中又重《鲁论》的传本。
[Abstract]:After being identified by experts as Liu Xiu, Wang Huai of Zhongshan in the Western Han Dynasty, Liu Xiu, who was excavated in 1973, died of the death of Liu Xiu in three years, 55 BC, by Emperor Xuandi of the Han Dynasty. The Analects of Dingzhou bamboo slips is the earliest known version of the Analects of Confucius in the Western Han Dynasty. Although the Analects of Confucius is not a complete book, it still has high research value. It is very important for us to understand the Confucian culture and traditional culture correctly, and the Analects of Confucius is one of the most important books. After Confucius's death, the Analects of Confucius as a record of Confucius received more attention. People hold different attitudes towards Confucius, also because of the different understanding of Confucius' legacy. The so-called "Confucius Legacy" refers to the direct material on Confucius' speech, and Confucius's cultural claim that he has "stated rather than done, believing but good in ancient times". Confucius disciples recorded and expounded Confucius doctrine, and we can see so many Confucius expositions today. First of all, we owe credit to Confucius disciples. Confucius is broad and profound, and although his disciples study together, they are proficient in different fields. The direction of Confucius' learning in different stages of his life is different. Confucius "likes late", "old" easy to learn ", and the time of getting started also causes the different academic direction of disciples. After Confucius's death, Confucianism was divided into eight groups, which, to be exact, could not be called sectarian division. No matter what kind of inheritance and transformation of Confucius' learning, its thought originates from Confucius' thought, and its core idea is the same. "Confucius Legacy" spread to the Qin and Han dynasties, and a new situation emerged. For a long time, the historical records about Qi, Lu, and ancient times appeared after Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. The Analects of Confucius avoid the name of Liu Bang, so it is believed that the original version was formed in the early Han Dynasty, but at this time the three "theories" have not yet appeared. The Analects of Confucius today comes from Zhang Yu's "Zhang Hou Theory", which belongs to the "Lu Theory" system. The simplified version is the same as the present one, and the number of words is no different from that of the present one. Therefore, the simplified version has a stronger attribute of "Lu", and in the simplified version, There are a lot of places from Lu. Therefore, the author makes a judgment that the Analects of Analects appeared before the appearance of the names of the three Analects of the Han Dynasty and merged the characteristics of the three theories and emphasized the biography of Lu.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K877

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