高昌故城土遗址保护理论研究

发布时间：2018-07-21 09:05

【摘要】：高昌在华夏民族经营管理西域的历史上具有极其重要的地位。高昌故城是我国现存规模最大、形制最为复杂、保存状况相对较好的古代(土质)都城(遗址)。高昌故城遗址保护项目自2005年启动,第一阶段工作已接近尾声。本论文作为国家文物局《高昌故城遗址保护研究》项目的阶段汇总,对高昌故城的地理环境、历史特点、遗址分布、保存现状、主要病害以及土遗址保护技术等内容进行了系统深入的调查、梳理与归纳。在此基础上建立了针对高昌以及我国西北干旱地区土遗址保护的原则、方法、技术三级理论体系。论文主要观点有: (1)西域是人类历史上中华文明、印度文明、阿拉伯文明以及西欧文明外延交汇之地。处于独特的地理位置的高昌是西域的门户,是古丝绸之路交通的十字路口。沿用1400余年的高昌故城是华夏民族经营管理西域的历史见证,也是佛教“西传东渐”过程中的一处重要遗存,具有无可替代的历史价值、艺术价值与人文价值。 (2)高昌故城遗存比较丰富,对遗址遗存定性分类是对高昌故城遗址现状宏观的掌握,便于针对性的勘查与鉴定。遗址内“残迹”类遗址是勘查保护的重点,保护要根据残迹类型(分类表)以及营造方法、历史维护措施等再细致分类,区别对待,提出针对性的保护措施。 (3)自然病害按照作用方式分类,较为清晰地体现了各种破坏因素不同作用组合下三种层次的破坏,反映了病害的破坏程度、破坏方式及破坏发展方向,是对病害的宏观认识与把握,可为保护工作提供指导。 (4)排除遗址坍塌隐患是遗址保护的核心工作,遗址稳定性鉴定则是遗址保护工作重要的依据。“贴合”保护法和拟“复原”保护法可作为对遗址保护方法的探索与尝试。本文是土遗址本体加固技术(土木工程)与建筑遗产保护(建筑学)两学科交叉、探索性的研究结果。可为高昌故城及我国西北干旱地区土遗址的本体加固技术、建筑遗产保护、土遗址保护施工以及保护规划等相关专业提供参考。
[Abstract]:Gaochang has an extremely important position in the history of the western region of Chinese nationality management. Gaochang Old City is the largest existing city in China, the most complex shape, relatively good preservation of the ancient (soil) capital (site). Gaochang City site protection project started in 2005, the first stage of work has come to an end. This paper, as the stage summary of the project of the National Cultural Heritage Bureau "Gaochang Old City site Protection Research", summarizes the geographical environment, historical characteristics, site distribution and conservation status of Gaochang Old City. The main diseases and the protection technology of earthen sites were systematically investigated, combed and summarized. On this basis, the principles, methods and techniques for the protection of earth sites in Gaochang and northwest arid areas of China are established. The main points are as follows: (1) the Western region is the rendezvous of Chinese, Indian, Arab and Western European civilizations in human history. Gaochang, located in a unique geographical position, is the gateway of the Western region and the crossroads of the ancient Silk Road. Gaochang City, which has been in use for more than 1400 years, is a historical witness of the western regions of the management of the Chinese people, and an important relic of the process of Buddhism's "spreading from the west to the east", which has irreplaceable historical value. Art value and humanistic value. (2) Gaochang city remains are rich, the qualitative classification of site remains is the macroscopic grasp of the status quo of Gaochang ruins, which is convenient for targeted exploration and identification. The "remnant" sites within the sites are the focus of exploration and protection. Protection should be treated differently according to the types of traces (classification tables), construction methods, historical maintenance measures, and so on. The corresponding protective measures are put forward. (3) the classification of natural diseases according to the action mode clearly reflects the damage of three levels under the different combination of various damage factors and reflects the damage degree of the disease. The damage mode and damage development direction are the macroscopic understanding and grasp to the disease, and can provide the guidance for the protection work. (4) removing the hidden danger of the site collapse is the core work of the site protection, The identification of site stability is an important basis for site protection. The protection law of "fit" and "restoration" can be used as an exploration and attempt to protect the site. This paper is the result of the intersecting and exploratory research on the technology of strengthening the earth site itself (civil engineering) and the protection of architectural heritage (architecture). It can be used as a reference for the technology of self strengthening, the protection of architectural heritage, the protection and construction of earthen sites, and the protection planning of earth sites in Gaochang old city and arid area of northwest China.
【学位授予单位】：西安建筑科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K878

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