乌尔第三王朝贡牲中心骑使乌塔米沙冉的档案重建

发布时间：2018-07-21 12:44

【摘要】：普兹瑞什达干贡牲中心(é-Puzri?-Dagan)在乌尔第三王朝第二任国王舒勒吉(?ulgi)统治的第38年建立,其遗址位于现在伊拉克的德莱海姆(Drehem)。乌尔第三王朝时期,中央王权日益强大,各地向国王进贡的牲畜日益增多,同时,王室和各地总督要向诸神奉献牺牲以及支出牲畜为宫廷和其他王室官员以及士兵食用,这些接收和支出工作需要一个专门的机构来管理,在此情况下,普兹瑞什达干贡牲中心建立起来,在乌尔第三王朝的经济管理体系中占有十分重要的地位。由于贡牲中心出土的泥板文献流散到不同的收藏地并被零散地发表,导致国际学术界不能对其进行系统的、全貌性的研究。为此,东北师范大学世界古典文明史研究所建立了“乌尔第三王朝贡牲中心档案重建工程”(Drehem Project),其目标是重建贡牲中心散失的各个官员的档案并给予基础性的研究,为学术界研究这一时期的政治和经济提供必不可少的文献资料。本文就是这一宏大工程的一部分。本文重建了贡牲中心专门管理及运送特殊羊牲官员、骑使(rá-gaba)乌塔米沙冉(Uta-mi?arram)的档案。目前统计到的德莱海姆出土的乌塔米沙冉的文献共有263个。论文重建档案的方法是对乌塔米沙冉的原始文献按时间顺序进行排列、原文拉丁化和中英文翻译,并进行基础性的分析研究。通过对乌塔米沙冉的文献档案的重建和分析,我们可以得出以下结论:从文献中我们知道乌塔米沙冉的工作时间是从阿马尔辛4年1月14日到阿马尔辛9年3月24日,共历时5年多,他的身份是骑使,其主要工作是管理特殊羊牲,包括有:长毛aslum羊、西马什基?ima?ki羊、鲁鲁布Lulub羊、?arumium羊、马干Magan羊、四蹄(umbin-4)羊和Galtabbum羊等(偶尔也有牛牲)。乌塔米沙冉管理的羊牲的另一个特点是颜色羊,有白(babbar或babbár)、黑(ge6)、黄(gi或sig17)、斑点(gùn-a)等颜色的羊牲。乌塔米沙冉负责管理的是贡牲中心的一个专门圈养特殊羊和颜色羊的机构,它不同于中心的一般羊圈。乌塔米沙冉的主要工作内容及联系人包括:从贡牲中心总管阿巴萨旮(Abba-sagga)和临时总管卢旮勒阿马尔库(Lugal-amar-ku)处接管活羊牲以及转交死羊牲给厨房死牲官员舒勒吉乌如穆(?ulgi-urumu)。通过乌塔米沙冉档案文件的重建和分析,我们大致理清了贡牲中心的主要工作人员基本工作,中心的基本运行模式,乌塔米沙冉的主要工作经历和职责,为研究贡牲中心以及乌尔王朝政治、经济、宗教和外交等活动提供了原始、可靠的文献依据,为继续深入研究苏美尔国家基本社会形式提供踏实的文献基础。
[Abstract]:The Puzri-Dagan was founded in the 38th year of the second king of Ur's third dynasty, the ruins of Drehem in what is now Iraq. During the third Dynasty of Ur, the central Wang Quan became stronger and more livestock were paid to the king, while the royal family and the local governors sacrificed and paid livestock to the gods for consumption by the court and other royal officials and soldiers. These receiving and spending tasks required a specialized agency to manage, in which case the Pozzrushkandgun Center was established and occupied a very important place in the economic management system of the third Ur dynasty. Due to the scattered and scattered documents of clay plates unearthed in the tribute Center, it is impossible for the international academic circles to carry out systematic and comprehensive research on them. To this end, the Institute of World Classical Civilization History of Northeastern normal University established Drehem Project, the third King tribute Center, whose goal is to reconstruct the archives of the officials lost in the center and to give basic research. Provide the necessary literature for the academic circles to study the politics and economy of this period. This article is part of this grand project. This paper reconstructs the archives of a special officer who manages and conveys special sheep in the tributary center, and who rides Uta-mimiarram (r 谩 -gaba). At present, the statistics of Dracheim unearthed Utamisha ran a total of 263 documents. The method of reconstructing the archives in this paper is to arrange the original documents of Utamisharan in chronological order, to Latinize the original texts and to translate them into Chinese and English, and to carry out basic analysis and research. Through the reconstruction and analysis of the documentation of Utamisharan, we can draw the following conclusions: from the literature, we know that the working hours of Utamisharan are from January 14 to March 24, 2004. He spent more than five years as a horseman, and his main job was to manage special sheep, including the long-haired aslum sheep, the Simashki imaqi sheep, the Lub Lulub sheep, the horse Magan sheep, the umbin-4 sheep, and the Galtabbum sheep (and occasionally cattle animals). Another feature of the sheep managed by Utamisharan is the colored sheep, which has white (babbar or babb 谩 r), black (ge6), yellow (gi or sig17), and speckles (g #daten-a). Utamisharan is responsible for the management of a special and colored sheep facility in the tribute Center, which is different from the center's general sheepfold. The main work and contacts of Utamisharan include: taking over live sheep from Abba-sagga and Lugal-amar-ku and handing them over to the kitchen dead animal officer, Sulgi-urumu. Through the reconstruction and analysis of the Utamisharan archives, we have roughly sorted out the basic work of the main staff, the basic operation mode of the center, the main work experience and responsibilities of the Utamisharan. It provides the original and reliable literature basis for the study of the tribute Center and the activities of the Ur Dynasty politics, economy, religion and diplomacy, and provides a solid literature basis for the further study of the basic social forms of the Sumerian state.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K883

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