青铜器中的古建筑元素浅析
发布时间：2018-07-31 06:44
【摘要】：青铜器作为中国青铜器时代主体文化的象征,反映着当时社会的许多方面,具有重要的历史价值,艺术价值和科技价值。铜器器型、纹饰的形成与陶器、玉器有着密不可分的联系,其演变和更替与青铜器的制作工艺、统治者的阶级属性和审美观念、社会整体精神面貌的变迁等因素有关,其呈现的古建筑元素风格的演变也就意味着当时主要建筑风格的演变。青铜器夏商周时主要用于礼制,礼器类型和数量最多,其纹饰所包含的神秘的、威严的社会意义占主导地位。春秋战国至秦汉时,人们思想不断解放,社会生活类纹饰比较流行,台榭楼阁类建筑题材的纹饰出现,其情节性、故事性更强,同时由于生产力的发展,器型也变得丰富多彩。青铜器中的建筑元素的分析,不仅让人们了解当时的思想崇拜,工艺技术,也为人们在想象中了解当时的建筑形态提供直接的依据。中国古代建筑在唐代以前没有留下多少实体的建筑,我们了解早先的建筑形态只能在现存的文献和考古建筑遗址及发现的遗物中得到认识。从商代起,陵寝的建造开始复杂和大规横发展,随葬品也渐渐增多。虽然由于等级的不同而有所差异,但基本上能够比较全面地反映当时的社会风貌。青铜器作为当时最重要的随葬品,根据其出土情况结合当时的建筑基址显示,夏代晚期开始,木构架成为主要的结构形式,商代开始已经有四坡屋顶和遗址上比较整齐的柱子排列结构等。因此,作为一个时代的缩影,历代的陵墓和同期出土的随葬品成为我们了解这个时代建筑结构发展情况的一个重要途径。本文共分为五章,第一章简要介绍文章的选题缘由及意义,研究综述及研究内容和方法。第二章以考古发掘报告为出发点,分夏商周、春秋战国及秦汉三个时段对出土的带古建筑元素的青铜器中的建筑模型和建筑构件进行描述。第三章从台基、屋身、屋顶和规划布局四个方面归类分析青铜器中所含的台基结构和类别;门窗形象的种类,斗拱的组合方式;屋盖类型,屋面布瓦情况;陵墓区位等。第四章结合遗址遗物的考古成果,发掘两汉及以前青铜器中古建筑的整体风貌和局部建筑构件的相互承袭关系及建筑规划设计图体现的设计理念。第五章总结两汉及以前我国建筑整体及各部分的发展演变规律和规划设计理念。
[Abstract]:As a symbol of the subject culture of the bronze age in China, bronze ware reflects many aspects of the society at that time and has important historical value, artistic value and scientific and technological value. The formation of bronze ware and ornaments is closely related to pottery and jade, and its evolution and replacement are related to the making process of bronze ware, the class attributes and aesthetic concepts of rulers, and the changes in the overall spiritual outlook of society. The evolution of the ancient architectural elements means the evolution of the main architectural styles at that time. Bronze ware was mainly used in ritual in Xia Shang and Zhou dynasties, and its ornaments contained mysterious and majestic social significance. During the Spring and Autumn period and the warring States period to the Qin and Han dynasties, people's thoughts were constantly liberated, social life ornaments were more popular, and the ornaments of terrace pavilions appeared, and their plot and story were stronger. At the same time, because of the development of productive forces, the instrumental types became rich and colorful. The analysis of architectural elements in bronze ware not only makes people understand the worship of thought and technology of that time, but also provides a direct basis for people to understand the architectural form of that time in imagination. There were not many substantial buildings left in ancient Chinese architecture before the Tang Dynasty. We know that the earlier architectural forms can only be recognized in the existing literature and archaeological architectural sites and relics found. From the Shang Dynasty, the construction of the mausoleum began to complex and large-scale development, funeral objects also gradually increased. Although there are some differences due to different grades, but basically can reflect the social features of the time. Bronze ware was the most important burial object at that time. According to its unearthed condition and the site of the building at that time, it was shown that since the late Xia Dynasty, the wood frame had become the main structural form. At the beginning of the Shang Dynasty, there were four sloping roofs and more neat columns on the ruins. Therefore, as a microcosm of the times, the tombs of the past dynasties and the burial objects unearthed at the same time have become an important way for us to understand the development of the architectural structure of this era. This paper is divided into five chapters. The first chapter briefly introduces the reason and significance of the topic, research review, research content and methods. The second chapter takes the archaeological excavation report as the starting point, divides into Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, Spring and Autumn period and warring States period and Qin and Han Dynasty to describe the architectural model and architectural components of bronze vessels unearthed with ancient architectural elements. The third chapter classifies and analyzes the structure and category of platform base contained in bronze ware from four aspects of platform base, house body, roof and layout; the type of window and door image, the combination mode of bucket arch, the type of roof, the situation of roof tile, the location of mausoleum, etc. The fourth chapter combines the archaeological achievements of the relics to explore the overall style of ancient buildings in the Han Dynasty and before the bronze ware and the inheritance of local architectural components as well as the design concept embodied in the architectural planning and design drawings. The fifth chapter summarizes the development and evolution of the whole architecture and its parts in the Han Dynasty and before the Han Dynasty, as well as the planning and design concept.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K876.41
本文编号：2154759
[Abstract]:As a symbol of the subject culture of the bronze age in China, bronze ware reflects many aspects of the society at that time and has important historical value, artistic value and scientific and technological value. The formation of bronze ware and ornaments is closely related to pottery and jade, and its evolution and replacement are related to the making process of bronze ware, the class attributes and aesthetic concepts of rulers, and the changes in the overall spiritual outlook of society. The evolution of the ancient architectural elements means the evolution of the main architectural styles at that time. Bronze ware was mainly used in ritual in Xia Shang and Zhou dynasties, and its ornaments contained mysterious and majestic social significance. During the Spring and Autumn period and the warring States period to the Qin and Han dynasties, people's thoughts were constantly liberated, social life ornaments were more popular, and the ornaments of terrace pavilions appeared, and their plot and story were stronger. At the same time, because of the development of productive forces, the instrumental types became rich and colorful. The analysis of architectural elements in bronze ware not only makes people understand the worship of thought and technology of that time, but also provides a direct basis for people to understand the architectural form of that time in imagination. There were not many substantial buildings left in ancient Chinese architecture before the Tang Dynasty. We know that the earlier architectural forms can only be recognized in the existing literature and archaeological architectural sites and relics found. From the Shang Dynasty, the construction of the mausoleum began to complex and large-scale development, funeral objects also gradually increased. Although there are some differences due to different grades, but basically can reflect the social features of the time. Bronze ware was the most important burial object at that time. According to its unearthed condition and the site of the building at that time, it was shown that since the late Xia Dynasty, the wood frame had become the main structural form. At the beginning of the Shang Dynasty, there were four sloping roofs and more neat columns on the ruins. Therefore, as a microcosm of the times, the tombs of the past dynasties and the burial objects unearthed at the same time have become an important way for us to understand the development of the architectural structure of this era. This paper is divided into five chapters. The first chapter briefly introduces the reason and significance of the topic, research review, research content and methods. The second chapter takes the archaeological excavation report as the starting point, divides into Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, Spring and Autumn period and warring States period and Qin and Han Dynasty to describe the architectural model and architectural components of bronze vessels unearthed with ancient architectural elements. The third chapter classifies and analyzes the structure and category of platform base contained in bronze ware from four aspects of platform base, house body, roof and layout; the type of window and door image, the combination mode of bucket arch, the type of roof, the situation of roof tile, the location of mausoleum, etc. The fourth chapter combines the archaeological achievements of the relics to explore the overall style of ancient buildings in the Han Dynasty and before the bronze ware and the inheritance of local architectural components as well as the design concept embodied in the architectural planning and design drawings. The fifth chapter summarizes the development and evolution of the whole architecture and its parts in the Han Dynasty and before the Han Dynasty, as well as the planning and design concept.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K876.41
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