北魏墓葬出土陶俑研究
发布时间：2018-07-31 08:01
【摘要】：陶俑是墓葬明器中的大宗，，是随葬品的重要组成部分。先秦两汉时期，陶俑已经在丧葬活动中扮演着重要的角色。北魏墓葬陶俑作为汉唐之际明器的典型代表，不仅继承和发展了汉魏以来的用俑制度的若干因素，并影响了北朝末期乃至隋唐时期的用俑制度，在古代丧葬制度中具有举足轻重的地位。 北魏陶俑主要出土于黄河、海河流域的北魏墓葬中，大致分布在今天的宁夏、内蒙、陕西、山西、河南、河北、山东7省区。从北魏时代的行政区划来看，墓葬陶俑主要集中在以平城为中心的恒州地区、以洛阳为中心的司州地区，以长安为中心的雍州地区、以曲阳为中心的定州地区和以寿光、淄博为中心的青、齐州五个大的区域内。五大区域的陶俑经过发展，逐渐形成了特色鲜明的三大文化系统。 从各地俑群结构来看，主要有镇墓驱邪的镇墓俑；仪仗出行俑；宴飨活动中的乐舞俑；娱乐活动中的杂技俑；家居生活中的庖厨炊作俑五大类，五类陶俑在发展过程中也出现了相应的变化。 通过对22座有绝对年代墓葬的陶俑进行型式分析，从陶俑的演变规律可将其划分为三个发展阶段，而每个阶段均反映出其形成的历史背景及现实条件，这些都为深入探讨北魏时期的民族融合、社会演变、文化交流提供了可靠的依据。
[Abstract]:Terracotta figures are a large number of tombs and an important part of burial objects. The pottery figurines played an important role in funeral activities during the pre-Qin and Han dynasties. As a typical representative of Ming ware in Han and Tang dynasties, the tombs of Northern Wei Dynasty not only inherited and developed some factors of using figurines since the Han and Wei dynasties, but also affected the system of using figurines in the late Northern Dynasty and even the Sui and Tang dynasties. It plays an important role in the ancient funeral system. The pottery figurines of the Northern Wei Dynasty are mainly unearthed in the Northern Wei Dynasty tombs of the Yellow River and the Haihe River basin, and are roughly distributed in the seven provinces of Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan, Hebei and Shandong. From the administrative divisions of the Northern Wei Dynasty, the tomb pottery figurines were mainly concentrated in Hengzhou area with Pingcheng as the center, Sizhou area with Luoyang as the center, Yongzhou area with Chang'an as the center, Dingzhou area with Quyang as the center and Shouguang with Shouguang. Zibo as the center of the green, Qizhou five large areas. Through the development of the pottery terracotta figures in the five major regions, three cultural systems with distinctive characteristics have been gradually formed. Judging from the structure of the various figurines, there are mainly five categories of figurines used to drive away evil spirits from town tombs; figurines from ceremonial battles; figurines from entertainment activities; acrobatics figurines from entertainment activities; cooking and cooking in household life as figurines. Five types of pottery figurines have also changed in the process of development. Through the type analysis of 22 pottery figurines with absolute age tombs, the terracotta figures can be divided into three development stages according to their evolution law, and each stage reflects the historical background and realistic conditions of their formation. All these provide a reliable basis for further discussion on the national integration, social evolution and cultural exchange in the Northern Wei Dynasty.
【学位授予单位】：暨南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：K876.3
本文编号：2154941
[Abstract]:Terracotta figures are a large number of tombs and an important part of burial objects. The pottery figurines played an important role in funeral activities during the pre-Qin and Han dynasties. As a typical representative of Ming ware in Han and Tang dynasties, the tombs of Northern Wei Dynasty not only inherited and developed some factors of using figurines since the Han and Wei dynasties, but also affected the system of using figurines in the late Northern Dynasty and even the Sui and Tang dynasties. It plays an important role in the ancient funeral system. The pottery figurines of the Northern Wei Dynasty are mainly unearthed in the Northern Wei Dynasty tombs of the Yellow River and the Haihe River basin, and are roughly distributed in the seven provinces of Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan, Hebei and Shandong. From the administrative divisions of the Northern Wei Dynasty, the tomb pottery figurines were mainly concentrated in Hengzhou area with Pingcheng as the center, Sizhou area with Luoyang as the center, Yongzhou area with Chang'an as the center, Dingzhou area with Quyang as the center and Shouguang with Shouguang. Zibo as the center of the green, Qizhou five large areas. Through the development of the pottery terracotta figures in the five major regions, three cultural systems with distinctive characteristics have been gradually formed. Judging from the structure of the various figurines, there are mainly five categories of figurines used to drive away evil spirits from town tombs; figurines from ceremonial battles; figurines from entertainment activities; acrobatics figurines from entertainment activities; cooking and cooking in household life as figurines. Five types of pottery figurines have also changed in the process of development. Through the type analysis of 22 pottery figurines with absolute age tombs, the terracotta figures can be divided into three development stages according to their evolution law, and each stage reflects the historical background and realistic conditions of their formation. All these provide a reliable basis for further discussion on the national integration, social evolution and cultural exchange in the Northern Wei Dynasty.
【学位授予单位】：暨南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：K876.3
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