辽代砖塔建筑形制初步研究

发布时间：2018-08-07 10:06

【摘要】：辽代是中国建筑发展的重要历史时期,辽代建筑在很多方面保留了唐代建筑的特征,为研究唐代建筑的发展提供了难得的实例。辽代砖塔具有独特的区域和时代特征,又对后世造塔产生了重要影响,是值得也应该作为一个重要的建筑类型来系统阐释的。本文是针对辽代仿木结构砖塔建筑形制所作的研究,文中以勘查测绘、实地调查和文献梳理所获资料为基础,对辽代砖塔的类型、分区和区域特征、分期、辽代砖塔个体的年代四个主要问题进行了深入分析和系统总结,取得了一些前所未有的认识。第一章,回顾了近一个世纪以来中外学者对辽代砖塔的调查和研究历程,简单介绍在调查研究进程中各个历史时期的基本情况和所获主要成果。第二章,对辽代砖塔进行类型划分,将辽代砖塔按照建筑形制划分出密檐、楼阁、复合、华塔和单层等五个类型。再进一步从造型特征出发,将密檐和楼阁两个主要类型分别划分为广胜寺式、广济寺式、天宁寺式、崇寿寺式和智度寺式、万部华严经式六个一般式样,即所谓“典型辽塔”式样,并分别总结了各型、式的特点。第三章,以辽代砖塔建筑形式反映的地区差异为线索,对辽代砖塔进行分区研究。从辽代砖塔的区域性入手,参照辽代政治地理区划的五京,将辽代砖塔划分为南京地区、三京地区(上京、中京、东京)和西京地区三个大的分布区域,探讨了三区辽代砖塔的特征。其中南京地区中的涿易(河北涿州、易县)和三京地区中的朝阳(辽宁朝阳)两地砖塔的营造技术和地方手法又各自特点,经分析,可以从南京和三京两区中分别划分出涿易和朝阳两个地方风格,同时,简单比较分析了各区域及地方风格的主要特点及形成原因。第四章,以纪年砖塔为主线,对辽代砖塔作了分期研究。文中通过详细的比较,综合考虑了辽代砖塔仿木结构建筑斗h1制度方面的区域特征、发展变化以及与木结构建筑斗h1制度发展的同步性,将辽代砖塔划分为早、晚两期。进一步从辽代各阶段的造塔数量、营建体量,结合考古学和建筑史学的方法再将两期分别划分为早、中、晚三段和早、晚两段,共计两期五段,总结了各期、段辽代砖塔的特点。第五章,对实地调查和搜集整理阶段所获辽代砖塔个体资料作了简单介绍,结合类型、区域性和分期研究中的规律性认识,判断了部分无纪年辽代砖塔的建造年代,为此后对辽代砖塔的进一步研究提供了相对可靠的年代学基础。第六章,为论文的结语部分,除对文中各部分的主要研究成果作了扼要总结之外,还进一步提出了辽代砖塔研究中值得深入探讨和尚待解决的问题。
[Abstract]:Liao Dynasty is an important historical period for the development of Chinese architecture. The Liao Dynasty architecture retained the characteristics of the Tang Dynasty architecture in many aspects. It provided a rare example for the study of the development of the Tang Dynasty architecture. The Liao Dynasty brick tower has unique regional and epoch characteristics, and it has an important impact on the later generation of the tower. It is worth and should be an important building class. This article is based on the research of the form system of the brick tower of the Liao Dynasty. Based on the survey and surveying, field investigation and literature review, this paper makes a thorough analysis and systematic summary of the four main problems of the type, zoning and regional characteristics of the Liao Dynasty brick tower, the stages and the age of the individual of the Liao Dynasty brick pagoda. Got some unheard of acquaintance.
In the first chapter, the history of the investigation and study of the Liao Dynasty brick pagoda by Chinese and foreign scholars in the last century is reviewed, and the basic situation and the main achievements of the various historical periods in the investigation and research process are briefly introduced.
The second chapter divides the type of the Liao Dynasty brick pagoda. According to the architectural form, the Liao Dynasty brick tower is divided into five types: the dense eaves, the pavilions, the compound, the pagoda and the single layer. Further, from the modeling features, the two main types of the dense eaves and the pavilions are divided into the Guangsheng Temple type, the Guangji Temple type, the Tianning Temple type, the worship Temple type and the wisdom Temple type, and the 10000 China. There are six general patterns of Yan Jing style, the so-called "typical Liao tower" style, and the characteristics of each type and type are summarized respectively.
The third chapter, based on the regional differences reflected in the form of the Liao Dynasty brick and pagoda building, studies the zoning of the Liao Dynasty brick pagoda. Starting with the regional character of the Liao Dynasty brick pagoda, referring to the five Jing of the Liao Dynasty's political and geographical division, the Liao Dynasty brick pagoda is divided into Nanjing area, the three Beijing area (Shanghai Beijing, Zhongjing, Tokyo) and Xijing region are three large distribution areas, and three are discussed. The characteristics of the brick Pagoda in the District of the Liao Dynasty. Among them, the construction techniques and local techniques of the brick towers in Nanjing, Hebei Zhuozhou, Yixian County and the Chaoyang in the three Beijing area, respectively, can be divided into two local styles of Zhuo and Chaoyang from Nanjing and three Beijing two regions. The main characteristics and causes of regional and local styles.
The fourth chapter, taking the chronology of the brick pagoda as the main line, makes a study of the Liao Dynasty brick Pagoda in stages. Through detailed comparison, the paper comprehensively considers the regional characteristics of the H1 system in the Liao Dynasty brick pagoda structure building bucket structure, the development and change and the synchronization with the development of the wooden structure building bucket H1 system, and divides the Liao Dynasty brick pagoda into the early and late two periods. Further from Liao Dynasty With the methods of Archaeology and architectural history, the two periods are divided into early, middle, late three, early and late two periods, and a total of five periods are divided into two periods, and the characteristics of the period and the period of the Liao Dynasty are summarized.
The fifth chapter makes a brief introduction to the individual data of the Liao Dynasty brick Pagoda in the stage of field investigation and collection, combined with the regular knowledge of the type, regional and staging studies, and judges the years of the construction of the brick Pagoda in the Liao Dynasty, which provides a relatively reliable basis for the further study of the Liao Dynasty brick pagoda.
In the sixth chapter, in addition to a summary of the main research results of the various parts of the paper, the conclusion of the paper is a further study of the Liao Dynasty brick pagoda and the problems to be solved.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K879.1

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