北魏平城出土石葬具研究
发布时间：2018-08-19 20:39
【摘要】：北魏平城出土的石葬具主要包括房形石室及石棺床两类,本文统计房形石室4件,石棺床及石棺床前立板共13件,这些石葬具在北魏平城大量出现是一个特殊的文化现象。拓跋鲜卑定都平城后南征北战建立起一个统一中国北半部疆域的强大王朝,并将周边地区的人力、物力、财力大量集中到首都平城,石葬具正是在这一背景下出现,它们在继承中原汉魏文化的同时,又体现了拓跋鲜卑族的文化习俗。本文在详细分析这些石葬具的雕刻形制、刻绘纹饰及使用功能的基础上,对它们出现的历史背景、文化渊源、与云冈石窟之间关系以及使用这些葬具的墓主人做了详细的分析。从而推断这些石葬具的大量出现是延续汉魏传统墓葬习俗,并将汉代“第宅化”的丧葬习俗继续向前发展。人们仿照现实生活中的居住环境来布置其逝世后的墓室,房形石室及与现实生活中“榻”的形制极为相似的石棺床的出现,在很大程度上是受这一因素的影响。加之受拓跋鲜卑族原有丧葬习俗的影响,人们选择用石头来雕刻这些葬具,以期达到永恒的目的。就目前发表资料看,使用这些石葬具的墓主人均为长期居住在平城地区的汉人或者鲜卑人。另外,墓葬中出土房形石室的建筑形制与云冈石窟中所雕的北魏殿宇结构有很多的相同点,他们都反映出当时北魏平城木结构殿宇建筑的风格特点。这片文章的重点在研究出现这一文化现象的历史原因,石葬具所体现的文化因素,以及它们对北朝以后各朝代墓葬习俗的影响。
[Abstract]:The stone burials unearthed in Pingcheng of the Northern Wei Dynasty mainly include two kinds of stone chamber and sarcophagus bed. In this paper, the author counts four stone rooms and 13 stone coffin beds. It is a special cultural phenomenon that these stone burials appear in large numbers in Pingcheng of Northern Wei Dynasty. After Pingcheng, the capital of Tuoba Xianbei, a powerful dynasty was established to unify the territory of the northern half of China after the Southern Expedition and Northern War, and the manpower, material and financial resources of the surrounding areas were concentrated in the capital, Pingcheng. It was against this background that the stone burial equipment appeared. While inheriting the culture of Han and Wei in Central Plains, they embody the cultural customs of Tuoba Xianbei nationality. On the basis of the detailed analysis of the engraving form, engraving patterns and using functions of these stone burial utensils, this paper makes a detailed analysis of their historical background, cultural origin, relationship with Yungang Grottoes and the owners of the tombs that use them. It is concluded that the mass appearance of these stone burial utensils is a continuation of the traditional burial customs of the Han and Wei dynasties, and the funeral customs of the Han Dynasty are further developed. The appearance of the tomb room, the stone chamber and the sarcophagus bed, which is very similar to the "bed" in real life, is influenced by this factor to a great extent. In addition, influenced by the original burial customs of Tuoba Xianbei, people chose to carve these burial utensils with stone in order to achieve the eternal purpose. According to the published data, the owners of these stone burials are Han or Xianbei people who have lived in Pingcheng area for a long time. In addition, the architectural shape of the earth-shaped stone chamber in the tomb has many similarities with the Temple structure of the Northern Wei Dynasty carved in Yungang Grottoes. They all reflect the style and characteristics of the wooden temple architecture in Pingcheng of the Northern Wei Dynasty at that time. This article focuses on the historical reasons for the emergence of this cultural phenomenon, the cultural factors embodied in the stone burial utensils, and their influence on the burial customs of each dynasty after the Northern Dynasty.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：K878.8
本文编号：2192770
[Abstract]:The stone burials unearthed in Pingcheng of the Northern Wei Dynasty mainly include two kinds of stone chamber and sarcophagus bed. In this paper, the author counts four stone rooms and 13 stone coffin beds. It is a special cultural phenomenon that these stone burials appear in large numbers in Pingcheng of Northern Wei Dynasty. After Pingcheng, the capital of Tuoba Xianbei, a powerful dynasty was established to unify the territory of the northern half of China after the Southern Expedition and Northern War, and the manpower, material and financial resources of the surrounding areas were concentrated in the capital, Pingcheng. It was against this background that the stone burial equipment appeared. While inheriting the culture of Han and Wei in Central Plains, they embody the cultural customs of Tuoba Xianbei nationality. On the basis of the detailed analysis of the engraving form, engraving patterns and using functions of these stone burial utensils, this paper makes a detailed analysis of their historical background, cultural origin, relationship with Yungang Grottoes and the owners of the tombs that use them. It is concluded that the mass appearance of these stone burial utensils is a continuation of the traditional burial customs of the Han and Wei dynasties, and the funeral customs of the Han Dynasty are further developed. The appearance of the tomb room, the stone chamber and the sarcophagus bed, which is very similar to the "bed" in real life, is influenced by this factor to a great extent. In addition, influenced by the original burial customs of Tuoba Xianbei, people chose to carve these burial utensils with stone in order to achieve the eternal purpose. According to the published data, the owners of these stone burials are Han or Xianbei people who have lived in Pingcheng area for a long time. In addition, the architectural shape of the earth-shaped stone chamber in the tomb has many similarities with the Temple structure of the Northern Wei Dynasty carved in Yungang Grottoes. They all reflect the style and characteristics of the wooden temple architecture in Pingcheng of the Northern Wei Dynasty at that time. This article focuses on the historical reasons for the emergence of this cultural phenomenon, the cultural factors embodied in the stone burial utensils, and their influence on the burial customs of each dynasty after the Northern Dynasty.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：K878.8
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前3条
1 ;山西大同石家寨北魏司马金龙墓[J];文物;1972年03期
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3 张庆捷;刘俊喜;;北魏宋绍祖墓两处铭记析[J];文物;2001年07期
，本文编号：2192770
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