试论古代希腊的“三足器”

发布时间：2018-08-22 18:45

【摘要】：在希腊考古中经常出土一种三足器物,这种器物上部为盛器,盛器口带有两个或三个环形把手,下部为三条足,上部盛器有时与下部的足一体,有时则分开。它的材质有陶、木、石、铜、金、银等,但以青铜最为常见。这类器物在古希腊语中为“τρ(?)που(?)”,英文译作“tripod”。它们在不同场合有不同的用途,可以作为盛煮器、赛会奖品和礼器使用。国内关于古希腊的书籍对“τρ(?)που(?)”翻译众说纷纭,比如译作三脚架、三足鼎、三脚鼎或者直接等同于中国古代的鼎。到目前为止,之所以在众多的译名中还没有一个让大家普遍接受的译名,是因为这些译名未能确切表达“τρ(?)που(?)”的形制和功用。譬如把“τρ(?)που(?)”译为“鼎“,“τρ(?)που(?)”在功能上可以作为奖品颁给赛会的胜者,还可以作为德尔菲女祭司传递阿波罗神谕的礼器,然而中国的鼎却被视为传国重器,是身份和地位的象征,在古代中国鼎有烹煮食物、实畜祭祀、燕享等用途,这与古希腊的“τρ(?)που(?)”功用明显不同。目前,欧美许多收藏机构虽有大量的此类藏品,但究其功用,国内学术界尚未对其进行过详细介绍。笔者试从分析古代希腊文献入手,结合现代论文和专著,对“τρ(?)που(?)”的起源与功用进行梳理。需要指出的是,鉴于可资利用的材料匮乏以及本人的希腊语水平有限,本文有待于进一步的完善。
[Abstract]:In Greek archaeology, often unearthed a tripodal object, the upper part of which is a receptacle with two or three circular handles at the mouth, the lower part being three feet, and the upper container sometimes integrated with and sometimes separated from the lower part of the foot. Its materials are pottery, wood, stone, copper, gold, silver and so on, but bronze is the most common. In ancient Greek, this kind of object is called "蟿蟻 (?) 蟺 o v (?)", which is translated as "tripod" in English. They have different uses on different occasions and can be used as cooking utensils, tournament prizes and ritual utensils. Domestic books on ancient Greece "蟿蟻 (?) 蟺 o v (?)" Translation opinions vary, such as tripods, tripods or tripod directly equivalent to ancient Chinese tripod. So far, there has not been a universally accepted translation of many names because they have failed to express exactly "蟿蟻 (?) 蟺 o v (?)" Form and function. For example, "蟿蟻 (?) 蟺 o v (?)" Translated as "Ding", "蟿蟻 (?) 蟺 o (?)" Functionally, it can be presented as a prize to the winner of the tournament, or as a gift for the priestess Delphi to pass the Apollo oracle. However, the Chinese tripod is regarded as a national heavy vessel, a symbol of status and status. In ancient China, the tripod had cooked food. Real animal sacrifice, Yan enjoyment and other uses, this is compared with the ancient Greek "蟿蟻 (?) 蟺 o u (?)" The function is obviously different. At present, many collection institutions in Europe and America have a large number of such collections, but their functions have not been introduced in detail by domestic academic circles. Starting with the analysis of ancient Greek literature and combining with modern papers and monographs, the author makes an analysis of "蟿蟻 (?) 蟺 O o v (?)". The origin and function of the carding. It should be pointed out that in view of the shortage of available materials and the limited level of Greek, this paper needs further improvement.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K885

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