英国煤矿遗址问题研究

发布时间：2018-09-15 19:17

【摘要】： 长期以来,煤炭作为英国的主要能源,支撑起英国近代工业的发展。二战后,世界能源格局发生了根本性变化,主要体现在石油开始取代煤炭成为世界主要能源。英国煤炭工业也随之衰落。许多煤矿区因煤矿关闭而遭废弃,我们称之为“煤矿遗址”。这些废弃遗址占用大量土地,而且对矿区人民生命财产造成严重威胁。煤矿遗址问题的顺利解决成为实现区域经济复兴的重要方式。煤矿遗址问题主要通过两种方式加以解决：即保护和再利用。英国在这一方面积累了许多成功经验,值得我们学习。因此,本文拟从英国煤矿遗址现状、产生原因、分布等方面入手；探讨英国煤矿遗址认识的变迁和相关法律体系的形成,结合案例分析煤矿遗址保护和修复改造的几种常用模式,总结其成功经验,并与我国对此问题的研究和实践相比较,分析我国煤矿遗址修复改造工程中存在的主要问题和相应解决之法。最后加以总结和评析。第一部分英国煤矿遗址概述。主要论述了英国煤矿遗址产生的主要原因、分布状况及相关认识的变迁和相关法律的出台。本文认为煤矿遗址产生的原因主要有：资源的枯竭,成本上升；石油、新能源及国外廉价煤炭的竞争、环境和能源保护意识增强及战争、洪水等因素。英国对煤矿遗址的认识不断变化,即从强调人身和财产安全,向强调煤矿遗址的改造和再利用的转变过程。第二部分英国煤矿遗址的保护和修复改造。本章包含四个方面的内容：即英国煤矿遗址改造的必要性、改造的基本条件、基本模式及基本原则。本文认为煤矿关闭不仅会对矿区人民的人身财产安全造成威胁,而且会带来失业、经济滑坡、土地无法耕种等社会经济问题。煤矿遗址改造和再利用模式多样,主要分为自然主义保护模式、人文主义保护模式(主题博物馆模式、购物休闲旅游模式、住房建设模式、工业博览和商业旅游开发模式、公共休憩空间模式)、综合开发模式三种类型。煤矿遗址修复改造的基本原则有可持续发展,多种模式并举、安全性至上、保证公众参与、兼顾公益性和商业性、坚持地域特性和身份认同等五个方面。第三部分英国煤矿遗址保护和修复改造的经验和对我国的启示。本章由两部分组成,即英国煤矿遗址修复改造的成功经验及对我国的借鉴意义。本文首先总结了英国在煤矿遗址修复改造的成功经验。并在此基础上,论述我国目前煤矿遗址及修复改造的现状,指出其存在的主要问题。并结合英国的成功经验,为我国相关问题的解决提供建议。总结部分是将从煤矿遗址问题的产生、认识的变迁、问题的解决以及成功经验和对我国的启示等一系列内容用简明扼要的语言连贯起来,并从中得出启示。
[Abstract]:For a long time, coal, as the main energy source in Britain, has supported the development of modern industry in Britain. After World War II, the world energy pattern has undergone fundamental changes, mainly reflected in the fact that oil began to replace coal as the world's main energy source. These abandoned sites occupy a large amount of land and pose a serious threat to the lives and property of the people in the mining area. The smooth resolution of the coal mine site problem has become an important way to achieve regional economic revival. Successful experience is worth learning. Therefore, this paper will start with the present situation, causes and distribution of coal mine ruins in Britain, discuss the changes of understanding of coal mine ruins in Britain and the formation of relevant legal system, analyze several common modes of protection, restoration and reconstruction of coal mine ruins with case studies, summarize the successful experience and discuss this problem with China. By comparing the research with practice, this paper analyzes the main problems and corresponding solutions in the renovation and reconstruction of coal mine ruins in China.
The first part is an overview of the coal mine sites in Britain.It mainly discusses the main causes of the occurrence of the coal mine sites in Britain,their distribution and changes in related knowledge and the enactment of relevant laws.The main reasons for the occurrence of the coal mine sites are as follows:exhaustion of resources,rising costs,competition of oil,new energy and cheap coal abroad,environment and energy. The British understanding of coal mine sites has changed from emphasizing personal and property safety to emphasizing the transformation and reuse of coal mine sites.
The second part is the protection and renovation of coal mine sites in Britain. This chapter contains four aspects: the necessity of the renovation of coal mine sites in Britain, the basic conditions, the basic mode and the basic principles of the renovation. The transformation and reuse of coal mine sites are divided into naturalism protection mode, humanism protection mode (theme Museum mode, shopping and leisure tourism mode, housing construction mode, industrial exposition and commercial tourism development mode, public recreation space mode), comprehensive development mode. The basic principles of coal mine site restoration and reconstruction are sustainable development, multi-mode coexistence, safety first, ensuring public participation, giving consideration to public welfare and commerciality, adhering to regional characteristics and identity.
This chapter consists of two parts, namely, the successful experience of coal mine site restoration and reconstruction in Britain and its reference to China. Firstly, this paper summarizes the successful experience of coal mine site restoration and reconstruction in Britain. Based on the successful experience of the UK, some suggestions are put forward to solve the related problems in China.
The summary part is to use concise and concise language to connect a series of contents, such as the emergence of the problem of coal mine site, the change of cognition, the solution of the problem, the successful experience and the enlightenment to our country.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K885.61

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